Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2012 – International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)

B0604042212

IJSCE Journal — Sat, 09 Oct 2021 10:11:48 +0000

The International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) has ISSN: 2231-2307 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, March, May, July, September and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Soft Computing and Engineering that covers Data Communication and Networking, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networking, Image Processing and Recognition, Software Engineering and Project Management (SEPM), Computer Graphics and Multimedia (CGM), Data Mining, Cryptography and Network Security, Smart Computing and Information Processing, Internet of Things (IoT), Computation Intelligence and Analytics, Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Mining (KM), Operating System, Data Base Management System (DBMS), Data Structure and Algorithm (DSA), Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), and all interdisciplinary streams of Soft Computing and Engineering. #Addressing, Routing, Switching and Location Management #Broadband, Mobile, Wired, Wireless Internet #Networks: Adhoc and Sensor Networks, High Speed Networks, Mobile and #Wireless Networks #Network Architectures #Network Based Applications #Network Protocols #Network Operations & Management #Network Security Trust & Privacy #Cross Layer Design and Optimization #Internet and Web Applications #Network Measurement & Performance Analysis #Next Generation Internet & Web Architectures #Peer to Peer and Overlay Networks #QOS And Resource Management #Recent Trends & Developments in Computer Networks #Self-Organizing Networks and Networked Systems #Ubiquitous Networks #Virtual & Overlay Networks #Wireless Mesh Networks and Protocols #Wireless Multimedia Systems #Personal and Wearable Networks #Information-Centric Networking #Embedded Networks #Opportunistic Networking #Delay-Tolerant Networks #Cognitive Radio Networks #Vehicular Networks #Smart Grid Communications #Underwater Sensor Networks #Cyber-Physical Systems #Social Networks #Green Networking #Overlay and Peer-To-Peer Networks #Local-Area and Metropolitan-Area Networks #Storage-Area Networks #Routing and Transport Protocols #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Internet of Things #Link Technologies #Adaptive Networking Applications #Authentication, Authorization, Accounting #Security and Privacy #Cross-Layer Optimization #Multimedia and Real-Time Communication #Machine-To-Machine Communications for Smart Environments #Smart Cities #Network Traffic Characterization and Measurements #Network Management, Reliability and QoS #Performance Evaluation of Networks #Testbeds for Network Experiments #Network Coding #Optical and High-Speed Access Networks #High Performance Computing #Digital System and Logic Design #Networked-Driven Multicourse Chips #Information-Centric Networking #Opportunistic Networking #Mobile and Ubiquitous Networking #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Adaptive Networking Applications #Antenna and Communications Devices #Microstrip Antenna #Microwave #Radar and Satellite #Smart Antenna #MIMO Antenna #Wireless Communication #RFID Network and Applications #5G Communication #6G Communication #Neural Networks #Fuzzy Logic #Simulated Biological Evolution Algorithms (Like Genetic Algorithm) #Ant Colony Optimization(etc) #Reasoning and Evolution #Intelligence Applications #Computer Vision and Speech Understanding #Multimedia and Cognitive Informatics #Data Mining and Machine Learning Tools #Heuristic and Ai Planning Strategies and Tools #Computational Theories of Learning #Technology and Computing (Like Particle Swarm Optimization) #Intelligent System Architectures #Knowledge Representation #Bioinformatics #Natural Language Processing #Multiagent Systems #Supervised Learning #Unsupervised Learning #Deep Learning #Big Data and Ai Approaches #Reinforcement Learning #And Learning with Generative Adversarial Networks #Regression and Prediction #Problem Solving and Planning #Clustering #Classification #Neural Information Processing #Vision and Speech Perception #Heterogeneous and Streaming Data #Probabilistic Models and Methods #Reasoning and Inference #Marketing and Social Sciences #Knowledge Discovery #Web Mining #Information Retrieval #Design and Diagnosis #Game Playing #Streaming Data #Music Modelling and Analysis #Robotics and Control #Multi-Agent Systems #Active Vision and Robotic Systems #Architecture of Imaging and Vision Systems #Autonomous Vehicles #Character and Handwritten Text Recognition #Chemical and Spectral Sensitization #Chemistry of Photosensitive Materials #Coating Technologies #Coding and Transmission #Cognitive Aspects of Image Understanding #Color Imaging #Communication of Visual Data #Data Fusion from Multiple Sensor Inputs #Display and Printing #Document Image Understanding # Generation and Display #Holography #Image Analysis and Interpretation #Image Capturing #Image Databases #Image Generation #Image Manipulation #Image Permanence #Image Processing #Image Processing Applications #Image Processing: Coding Analysis and Recognition #Image Representation #Image Sensing #Imaging Systems and Image Scanning #Implementation and Architectures #Latent Image #Materials for Electro-Photography #Monitoring and Surveillance #Network Architecture for Real-Time Video Transport #New Visual Services Over ATM/Packet Network #Non-Impact Printing Technologies #Object Modeling and Knowledge Acquisition #Photoconductors #Photographic Emulsions #Photopolymers #Prepress and Printing Technologies #Processing and Analysis #Protocols for Packet Video #Remote Image Sensing #Retrieval and Multimedia #Scene Modeling #Signal-Processing Aspects of Image Processing #Storage and Transmission #Video Coding Algorithms and Technologies for ATM/P #Ethics of Software Engineering and Management #Software Life Cycles Development Models #Project Planning and Management #Software Requirements Analysis #Software Design Analysis #Software Testing and Integration #Software Implementation and Maintenance #Software Maintenance and Maintainability #Software Metrics or Attributes #Software Risk Assessment and Containment #Reliability #Software Quality and Quality Assurance #Software Cost Estimation #Object Oriented Developments #Object Oriented Metrics #Object Oriented Testing #Formal Notations #3D Reconstruction #Computer Animation #Computational Fabrication #Computational Geometry #Computational Photography #Computer Vision for Computer Graphics #Data Compression for Graphics #Geometric Modelling #Geometric Processing #HCI and Computer Graphics #Human Modelling #Image Analysis #Image Based Rendering #Image Processing #Machine Learning for Graphics #Medical Imaging #Pattern Recognition #Physically Based Modelling #Illumination and Rendering ethods #Robotics and Vision #Saliency Methods #Scientific Visualization #Shape and Surface Modelling #Shape Analysis and Image Retrieval #Shape Matching #Sketch-based Modelling #Solid Modelling #Stylized rendering #Textures #Virtual and Augmented Reality #Visual Analytics #Volume Rendering #Data Mining #Data Science #Big Data #Data Warehouse #Visualization #Security #Privacy #Big DaaS #Scalable Computing #Cloud Computing #Knowledge Discovery #Integration #Transformation #Information Retrieval #Social Data and Semantics #Mining Functions #Data Regression #Data Classification #Anomaly Detection #Data Clustering #Data Association #Data Regression #Data Cleaning #Feature Selection and Extraction #Data Mining Algorithms #Apriori #Decision Tree #Generalized Linear Models #K-Means #Minimum Description Length #Naive Bayes #Non-Negative Matrix Factorization #0-Cluster #Support Vector Machines #Data Preparation #Mining Unstructured Data #Artificial Intelligence #Future Directions and Challenges in Data Mining #Industrial Challenges in Data Mining #Cryptographic Protocols #Cryptography and Coding #Untrace-Ability #Privacy and Authentication #Key Management #Authentication #Trust Management #Quantum Cryptography #Computational Intelligence in Security #Artificial Immune Systems #Biological & Evolutionary Computation #Intelligent Agents and Systems #Reinforcement & Unsupervised Learning #Autonomy-Oriented Computing #Coevolutionary Algorithms #Fuzzy Systems #Biometric Security #Trust Models and Metrics #Regulation and Trust Mechanisms #Data Integrity #Models for Authentication #Trust and Authorization #Wireless Network Security #Information Hiding #Data & System Integrity #Access Control and Intrusion Detection #Intrusion Detection and Vulnerability Assessment #Authentication and Non-Repudiation #Identification and Authentication #Insider Threats and Countermeasures #Intrusion Detection & Prevention #Secure Cloud Computing #Security Information Systems Architecture and Design and Security Patterns #Security Management #Security Requirements (Threats, Vulnerabilities, Risk, Formal Methods, etc.) #Sensor and Mobile ad hoc Network Security #Service and Systems Design and QOS Network Security #System Security #Intrusion Detection #Secure end Systems #Secure Operating Systems #Data Base Security #Security Infrastructures #Security Evaluation #Software Security #Security and Privacy in Mobile Systems#Security and Privacy in Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing #Security and Privacy in Web Services #Security and Privacy Policies #Security Area Control #Security Deployment #Security Engineering #Security for Grid Computing #Security in Distributed Systems #Network Security #Internet Security #Firewalls #Mobile Security #Security Agents #Protocols #Anti-Virus and Anti-Hacker Measures #Content Protection #Software Protection #Tamper Resistant Software #Electronic Commerce #Electronic Government #Health #Telecommunications #Mobility #Foundations #Privacy #Access Control #Authentication #Identification #Applied Cryptography #Formal Methods in Information Security #IoT & IoE & Edge Computing #Distributed Mobile Applications Utilizing IoT #Security, Privacy and Trust in IoT & IoE #Standards for IoT Applications #Ubiquitous Computing #Blockchain-enabled IoT Device and Data Security and Privacy #Application of WSN in IoT #Cloud Resources Utilization in IoT #Wireless Access Technologies for IoT #Mobile Applications and Services for IoT #Machine/ Deep Learning with IoT & IoE #Smart Sensors and Internet of Things for Smart City #Logic, Functional programming and Microcontrollers for IoT #Sensor Networks, Actuators for Internet of Things #Data Visualization using IoT #IoT Application and Communication Protocol #Big Data Analytics for Social Networking using IoT #IoT Applications for Smart Cities #Emulation and Simulation Methodologies for IoT #IoT Applied for Digital Contents #Soft Computing #Advance Ubiquitous Computing #Parallel Computing #Distributed Computing #Machine Learning #Information Retrieval #Expert Systems #Data Mining #Text Mining #Data Warehousing #Predictive 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Agent-Based Systems #Autonomic Computing #Adaptive Systems #Agent Architectures, Ontologies, Languages and Protocols #Multi-Agent Systems #Agent-Based Learning and Knowledge Discovery #Interface Agents #Agent-Based Auctions and Marketplaces #Secure Mobile and Multi-Agent Systems #Mobile agents #SOA and Service-Oriented Systems #Service-Centric Software Engineering #Service Oriented Requirements Engineering #Service Oriented Architectures #Middleware for Service Based Systems #Service Discovery and Composition #Service Level Agreements (Drafting, Negotiation, Monitoring and Management) #Runtime Service Management #Semantic web #Data Modelling, Mining and Data Analytics #Aggregation, Integration, and Transformation #Web and Text Mining #Data Mining Methods, Techniques, and Tools #Data Analytics Modelling and Algorithms #Patterns and Frameworks #Data Visualization #Knowledge Systems and Engineering #Knowledge Acquisition #Knowledge-based and Expert Systems #Knowledge Representation and Retrievals #Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques #Time and Knowledge Management Tools #Knowledge Modelling, Integration, Transformation, and Management #Uncertainty Knowledge Management #Knowledge Visualization #Mobile Computing and Mobile System Engineering #Mobile App Design and Development #Innovative Mobile Applications #Pervasive Computing #Mobile System Validation and Test Automation #Software & System Quality of Service #Soft Computing #Software and System Testing Methods #Quality Assurance Process, Standards, and Systems #Software Safety Systems #Software Test Automation and Tools #Software Dependability, Reliability, Scalability #Software & System Security #Software and System Security and Privacy #Mobile App Security and Privacy #Encryption Methods and Tools #Security Service Systems #Cloud, Sensor Cloud and Mobile Cloud Security #Mobile System Integrity, Security, And Fault Tolerance #Emergent Topics #Cloud Computing and Innovative Cloud-Based Application Systems 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Low Power CNTFET- Based Ternary Full Adder Cell for Nanoelectronics
Seyyed Ashkan Ebrahimi¹, Peiman Keshavarzian², SaeidSorouri³, Mahyar Shahsavari⁴
^{a-ebrahimi@iauk.ac.ir ">}¹Seyyed Ashkan Ebrahimi, Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
²Peiman Keshavarzian, Department of Computer Engineering, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
³SaeidSorouri, Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
⁴MahyarShahsavari, Computer Engineering group, Delft University Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft,The Netherlands.
Manuscript received on May 01, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on May 02, 2012. | Manuscript published on May 05, 2012. | PP: 291-294 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2012. | Retrieval Number: B0604042212/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In a VLSI circuit, about 70 percent of area occupies by Interconnection. Such a large number of area occupation leads to many limitations of fabricating and applying in binary circuit implementation. Multiple-valued logic is one of the most proper way to improve the ability of value and data transferring in binary systems. Nowadays as small portable devices consuming are largely increased, applying low power approaches are considerably taking into account. In this paper we suggest and evaluate a novel low power ternary full adder cell which is built with CNTFETs (Carbon Nano-Tube Field Effect Transistors). Using beneficial characteristics of CNTFET in our design and implementation notably increased the efficiency of this adder cell. Simulation results using HSPICE are reported to show that the proposed TFA (ternary full adder) consume significantly lower power and impress improvement in term of the power delay product compare to previous work.
Keywords: CNTFET, Low Power,Nanoelectronic, Ternary Full Adder, Ternary Logic.

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B0499032212

IJSCE Journal — Wed, 06 Oct 2021 09:40:58 +0000

Defect Detection of Tiles with Combined Undecimated Wavelet Transform and GLCM Features
Afsane Fathi¹, Amir Hassan Monadjemi², Fariborz Mahmoudi³
¹Afsane Fathi, Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin branch, Qazvin, Iran.
²Amir Hassan Monadjemi, Department of Computer Engineering, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.
3Fariborz Mahmoudi, Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin branch, Qazvin, Iran.
Manuscript received on May 01, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on May 04, 2012. | Manuscript published on July 05, 2012. | PP: 30-34 | Volume-2, Issue-2, May 2012. | Retrieval Number: B0499032212/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Development of an automatic defect detection system has a major impact on the overall performance of ceramic tile production industry. With this in mind, in this paper, a new algorithm has been offered for segmentation of defects in random texture tiles. firstly, by using undecimated discrete wavelet Transform (UDWT), frequency features of textures which are robust towards transition could be extracted. Then a co-occurrence matrices of sub-bands, in order to extract texture information, is obtained. Finally, after obtaining special characteristics from the combination of the two new methods, a back propagation neural network is applied for segmentation which is the final product of this. The results, both visually and computationally, show a higher accuracy while using this method than the conventional wavelet method and co-occurrence matrices that was utilized previously. The reason could be its independent from scale and rotation nature compared to the typical transform. Different locations of defects make different wavelet coefficients and ultimately increase the defect segmentation performance of a wide variety of defects.

Keywords: Defect detection, Wavelet Transform, Undecimated Wavelet Transform, Co-occurrence Matrices, Back-Propagation Neural Network.

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C0752062312

IJSCE Journal — Wed, 06 Oct 2021 05:06:17 +0000

Fingerprint Authentication System using Hybrid Classifiers
Parvathi R¹, Sankar M²
¹Parvathi R, Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul,Tamilnadu, India
2Sankar M, Assistant Professor,Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
Manuscript received on July 01, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on July 04, 2012. | Manuscript published on July 05, 2012. | PP: 185-190 | Volume-2, Issue-3, July 2012. | Retrieval Number: C0752062312/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Fingerprints are considered as the most widely accepted biometric feature for uniquely identify a person in the field of biometrics. The existing system only contains bayes classifier to improve the retrieval speed and to perform one to many fingerprint matching. When compared to proposed system, the previous work degrades with performance features like accuracy, consistency and retrieval speed. This fingerprint authentication system uses the combination of Henry classification system at enrollment process and Bayes classification system at authentication process. This paper mainly focuses on fingerprint classification and presents an approach to speed up the matching process by classifying the fingerprint pattern into different groups using Henry classification system. By the speed of Bayes classifier, this system does not depend on the huge amount of fingerprint images in database, one can capture large number of training samples per finger. It can improve the performance features like retrieval speed, consistency and accuracy by using the combination of classifiers.

Keywords: Biometrics, fingerprint authentication, Henry classification, Bayes classifier, probabilistic recognition.

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B0657052312

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 10:36:50 +0000

An Intelligent Voice Enabled Distance to Empty and Navigation System
Dhruba Ningombam¹, Chitra², Nitashi Kalita³, Vinita Pat Pingua⁴
¹Dhruba Ningombam, Computer Science and Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute Of Technology, Gangtok, India.
²Chitra, Computer Science and Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute Of Technology, Gangtok, India.
³Nitashi Kalita, Computer Science and Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute Of Technology, Gangtok, India.
⁴Vinita Pat Pingua, Computer Science and Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute Of Technology, Gangtok, India.
Manuscript received on July 01, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on July 04, 2012. | Manuscript published on July 05, 2012. | PP: 16-23 | Volume-2, Issue-3, July 2012. | Retrieval Number: B0657052312 /2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a fast growth in automobile sector, leading to increased urge for an intelligent man machine interaction system for navigation. This paper describes the development and implementation of an intelligent speech agent based navigation system and distance to empty (DTE) calculation for autonomous land vehicle applications. This system, initially determines the current location using Global Positioning System (GPS). The GPS outputs NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) sentence that contains information about current location including longitude and latitude. The input to the system i.e. the desired destination is through voice command and outputs the following-(i) the road distance and the amount of fuel required, through speech, (ii)the altitude difference between the current location and the destination, which is further used to calculate the mileage variation with altitude and (iii) displays the route from the current location to the destination on a map along with the prediction whether the user will be able to reach the desired destination with fuel left in the automobile, how much distance it can travel with the remaining fuel and how much additional fuel is required to be filled up to reach the destination.

Keywords: Altitude difference, DTE (Distance to Empty), GPS (Global Positioning System), intelligent speech agent, man machine interaction, map, mileage variation, Navigation, NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association).

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B0655052312

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 10:33:04 +0000

A Comparative Analysis of Watershed and Color based segmentation for Fruit Grading
P.Deepa¹, S.N. Geethalakshmi²
¹P.Deepa Department of computer science, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, India..
²S.N. Geethalakshmi Department of computer science, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, India.
Manuscript received on July 01, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on July 04, 2012. | Manuscript published on July 05, 2012. | PP: 11-15 | Volume-2, Issue-3, July 2012. | Retrieval Number: B0655052312 /2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper, we presented two segmentation methods. Multi-scale edge detection with watershed segmentation and color based segmentation using K-means. Color based segmentation is based on fruit color and its difference. Mostly the damage part of the fruit will be of different color and that will be segmented by our algorithm very correctly. Second the watershed segmentation also segments the fruit based on color, shape and size of the damage. We compared the results of both segmentation results and the watershed segmentation outperforms the color based segmentation in all aspects.MATLAB image processing toolbox is used for the computation and Comparison results are shown with the segmented images.

Keywords: Fruit grading, Multiscale edge detection, watershed segmentation, Region merging, Kmeans segmentation.

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B0654042212

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 07:03:41 +0000

An Advanced Online Memory Testing for Fault Diagnostic Systems
Atluri. Jhansi rani¹, K. Harikishore², Fazal Noor Basha³, L. Veera Raju⁴, K. Purnima⁵
¹A. Jhansi Rani, Department of ECE, K L University, Vijayawada, India.
²Prof. K.Harikishore, Asst. Professor, Department of ECE, K L University, Vijayawada, India.
³Dr. Fazal Noor Basha, Asst. Professor, Department of ECE, K L University, Vijayawada, India,
⁴L.VeeraRaju, Department of ECE, K L University, Vijayawada, India.
⁵K. Poornima, Department of ECE, K L University, Vijayawada, India.
Manuscript received on April 11, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on April 14, 2012. | Manuscript published on May 05, 2012. | PP: 568-571 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2012 . | Retrieval Number: B0654042212/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: An increasing part of microelectronic systems is implemented on the basis of pre designed and pre verified modules, so-called cores, which are reused in many instances. Core-providers offer RISC-kernels, embedded memories, DSPs, and many other functions, and built-in self-test is the appropriate method for testing complex systems composed of different cores. The main objective of this project is to designing a system, in such a way that; it is having the capability to detect the faults in the Read only memories. Whether the faults may be Software or Hardware, all faults can be recognized by our designed system. BIST (Built in self test) concept is introduced to detect the faults in the memories. The proposed approach offers a simple test flow and does not require intensive interactions between a BIST controller and a tester. The scheme rests on partitioning of rows and columns of the memory array by employing low cost test logic. It is designed to meet requirements of at-speed test thus enabling detection of timing defects.

Keywords: DSPs, RISC-Kernels, BIST

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B0580042212

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:57:40 +0000

Entropy Based Detection of DDOS Attacks
Anusha. J
Anusha. J, M.E., Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Vins Christian College of Engineering, Nagercoil (Tamilnadu), India.
Manuscript received on April 11, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on April 14, 2012. | Manuscript published on May 05, 2012. | PP: 564-567 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2012 . | Retrieval Number: B0580042212/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Distributed Denial of service (DDOS) attacks is a critical threat to the internet. Due to the memory less features of the internet routing mechanism makes difficult to trackback the source of the attacks. In this paper, I find out the source of the attack with the help of entropy variation in dynamic by calculating the packet size, which shows the variation between normal and DDOS attack traffic, which is fundamentally different from commonly used packet marking techniques. In comparison to the existing DDOS trackback methods, the proposed one posses dynamic entropy variations as per the clients behavior.

Keywords: DDOS, Method, Router

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B0643042212

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:54:12 +0000

Design and Functional Verification of a SPI Master Slave Core using System Verilog
K. Aditya¹, M. Sivakumar², Fazal Noorbasha³, T. Praveen Blessington⁴
¹K. Aditya, Department of E.C.E, JNTU Niversity, Anantapur, A. P, India.
²M. Sivakumar, Department of E.C.E, Periyar University Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu, India.
³Dr. Fazal Noorbasha, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
⁴T. Praveen Blessington, Associate Professor & research scholar, Department of ECE, KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Manuscript received on April 11, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on April 14, 2012. | Manuscript published on May 05, 2012. | PP: 558-563 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2012 . | Retrieval Number: B0643042212/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Synchronous serial interfaces are widely used to provide economical board level interfaces between different devices such as microcontrollers, DACs ADCs and other. Many IC manufacturers produce components that are compatible with SPI and Microwire/plus. The SPI Master core is compatible with both protocols as master with some additional functionality. At the hosts side,the core acts like a Wishbone compliant slave device. The SPI master core consists of three parts, Serial interface, clock generator and Wishbone interface. The SPI core has five 32-bit registers through the Wishbone compatible interface. The serial interface consists of slave select lines, serial clock lines, as well as input and output data lines. All transfers are full duplex transfers of a programmable number of bits per transfer(upto 64 bits).It has 8 slave select lines but only one is selected at a time. We design the SPI Master-Slave core design using system verilog and do functional verification for our design in modelsim.

Keywords: SPI,Wishbone,coverage

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B0651042212

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:47:17 +0000

Spiral Antenna Array using RT-Duroid Substrate for Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System
B. Sada Siva Rao¹, T. Raghavendra Vishnu², Habibulllah Khan³, D. Venkata Ratnam⁴
¹B. Sada Siva Rao, Professor, ECE Dept, KL University, Guntur Dt, AP, India.
²T. Raghavendra Vishnu, Research Scholar, ECE Dept, KL Univesity, Guntur Dt. AP, India.
³Habibullah Khan, Prof HOD of ECE Dept, KL University, Guntur Dt, India. D. Venkata Ratnam, Associate Professor, ECE Dept, KL University, Guntur Dt, AP, India.
Manuscript received on April 11, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on April 14, 2012. | Manuscript published on May 05, 2012. | PP: 555-557 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2012 . | Retrieval Number: B0651042212/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: India is planned to develop a satellite based navigation systems known as Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) for positioning applications. Design of IRNSS antenna at user segment is necessary. In order to design antenna, a new planar, wideband feed for a slot spiral antenna is designed using HFSS software simulations. This paper describes a spiral antenna on RT DUROID Substrate for the operating frequency range of 1.2 -1.6 GHz These specifications should be satisfied at the frequency L5 (1175 MHz).Array of spiral antennas can be used to increase the gain. Spiral antennas are reduced size antennas with its windings making it an extremely small structure. The antenna uses four spiral elements to provide broadband satellite coverage and can also be used in conjunction with a space-time adaptive processor (STAP) for interference suppression. This paper presents the input impedance, radiation pattern and gain.

Keywords: Spiral antenna, RT Duroid Substrate.

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B0650042212

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:41:57 +0000

Optimization of OSPF Weights using a Metaheuristic Based on Random Samplings
Siavash Sheikhizadeh
Siavash Sheikhizadeh, Zarand Higher Education Complex, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Zarand, Iran.
Manuscript received on April 11, 2012. | Revised Manuscript received on April 14, 2012. | Manuscript published on May 05, 2012. | PP: 550-554 | Volume-2 Issue-2, May 2012 . | Retrieval Number: B0650042212/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: OSPF is the best-known intra-domain routing protocol which is employed all over the internet. In this research, an optimization problem has been introduced for optimizing OSPF weights and after mentioning the formulation of the problem[1][2], a heuristic search method based on random samplings[3] has been implemented to solve it. Finally results on some artificial networks has been compared to computations of a linear programming algorithm.

Keywords: Linear Programming, OSPF weights, Random Sampling, Routing Protocol.

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