Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013 – International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)

D1824093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:47:46 +0000

The International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) has ISSN: 2231-2307 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, March, May, July, September and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Soft Computing and Engineering that covers Data Communication and Networking, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networking, Image Processing and Recognition, Software Engineering and Project Management (SEPM), Computer Graphics and Multimedia (CGM), Data Mining, Cryptography and Network Security, Smart Computing and Information Processing, Internet of Things (IoT), Computation Intelligence and Analytics, Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Mining (KM), Operating System, Data Base Management System (DBMS), Data Structure and Algorithm (DSA), Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), and all interdisciplinary streams of Soft Computing and Engineering. #Addressing, Routing, Switching and Location Management #Broadband, Mobile, Wired, Wireless Internet #Networks: Adhoc and Sensor Networks, High Speed Networks, Mobile and #Wireless Networks #Network Architectures #Network Based Applications #Network Protocols #Network Operations & Management #Network Security Trust & Privacy #Cross Layer Design and Optimization #Internet and Web Applications #Network Measurement & Performance Analysis #Next Generation Internet & Web Architectures #Peer to Peer and Overlay Networks #QOS And Resource Management #Recent Trends & Developments in Computer Networks #Self-Organizing Networks and Networked Systems #Ubiquitous Networks #Virtual & Overlay Networks #Wireless Mesh Networks and Protocols #Wireless Multimedia Systems #Personal and Wearable Networks #Information-Centric Networking #Embedded Networks #Opportunistic Networking #Delay-Tolerant Networks #Cognitive Radio Networks #Vehicular Networks #Smart Grid Communications #Underwater Sensor Networks #Cyber-Physical Systems #Social Networks #Green Networking #Overlay and Peer-To-Peer Networks #Local-Area and Metropolitan-Area Networks #Storage-Area Networks #Routing and Transport Protocols #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Internet of Things #Link Technologies #Adaptive Networking Applications #Authentication, Authorization, Accounting #Security and Privacy #Cross-Layer Optimization #Multimedia and Real-Time Communication #Machine-To-Machine Communications for Smart Environments #Smart Cities #Network Traffic Characterization and Measurements #Network Management, Reliability and QoS #Performance Evaluation of Networks #Testbeds for Network Experiments #Network Coding #Optical and High-Speed Access Networks #High Performance Computing #Digital System and Logic Design #Networked-Driven Multicourse Chips #Information-Centric Networking #Opportunistic Networking #Mobile and Ubiquitous Networking #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Adaptive Networking Applications #Antenna and Communications Devices #Microstrip Antenna #Microwave #Radar and Satellite #Smart Antenna #MIMO Antenna #Wireless Communication #RFID Network and Applications #5G Communication #6G Communication #Neural Networks #Fuzzy Logic #Simulated Biological Evolution Algorithms (Like Genetic Algorithm) #Ant Colony Optimization(etc) #Reasoning and Evolution #Intelligence Applications #Computer Vision and Speech Understanding #Multimedia and Cognitive Informatics #Data Mining and Machine Learning Tools #Heuristic and Ai Planning Strategies and Tools #Computational Theories of Learning #Technology and Computing (Like Particle Swarm Optimization) #Intelligent System Architectures #Knowledge Representation #Bioinformatics #Natural Language Processing #Multiagent Systems #Supervised Learning #Unsupervised Learning #Deep Learning #Big Data and Ai Approaches #Reinforcement Learning #And Learning with Generative Adversarial Networks #Regression and Prediction #Problem Solving and Planning #Clustering #Classification #Neural Information Processing #Vision and Speech Perception #Heterogeneous and Streaming Data #Probabilistic Models and Methods #Reasoning and Inference #Marketing and Social Sciences #Knowledge Discovery #Web Mining #Information Retrieval #Design and Diagnosis #Game Playing #Streaming Data #Music Modelling and Analysis #Robotics and Control #Multi-Agent Systems #Active Vision and Robotic Systems #Architecture of Imaging and Vision Systems #Autonomous Vehicles #Character and Handwritten Text Recognition #Chemical and Spectral Sensitization #Chemistry of Photosensitive Materials #Coating Technologies #Coding and Transmission #Cognitive Aspects of Image Understanding #Color Imaging #Communication of Visual Data #Data Fusion from Multiple Sensor Inputs #Display and Printing #Document Image Understanding # Generation and Display #Holography #Image Analysis and Interpretation #Image Capturing #Image Databases #Image Generation #Image Manipulation #Image Permanence #Image Processing #Image Processing Applications #Image Processing: Coding Analysis and Recognition #Image Representation #Image Sensing #Imaging Systems and Image Scanning #Implementation and Architectures #Latent Image #Materials for Electro-Photography #Monitoring and Surveillance #Network Architecture for Real-Time Video Transport #New Visual Services Over ATM/Packet Network #Non-Impact Printing Technologies #Object Modeling and Knowledge Acquisition #Photoconductors #Photographic Emulsions #Photopolymers #Prepress and Printing Technologies #Processing and Analysis #Protocols for Packet Video #Remote Image Sensing #Retrieval and Multimedia #Scene Modeling #Signal-Processing Aspects of Image Processing #Storage and Transmission #Video Coding Algorithms and Technologies for ATM/P #Ethics of Software Engineering and Management #Software Life Cycles Development Models #Project Planning and Management #Software Requirements Analysis #Software Design Analysis #Software Testing and Integration #Software Implementation and Maintenance #Software Maintenance and Maintainability #Software Metrics or Attributes #Software Risk Assessment and Containment #Reliability #Software Quality and Quality Assurance #Software Cost Estimation #Object Oriented Developments #Object Oriented Metrics #Object Oriented Testing #Formal Notations #3D Reconstruction #Computer Animation #Computational Fabrication #Computational Geometry #Computational Photography #Computer Vision for Computer Graphics #Data Compression for Graphics #Geometric Modelling #Geometric Processing #HCI and Computer Graphics #Human Modelling #Image Analysis #Image Based Rendering #Image Processing #Machine Learning for Graphics #Medical Imaging #Pattern Recognition #Physically Based Modelling #Illumination and Rendering ethods #Robotics and Vision #Saliency Methods #Scientific Visualization #Shape and Surface Modelling #Shape Analysis and Image Retrieval #Shape Matching #Sketch-based Modelling #Solid Modelling #Stylized rendering #Textures #Virtual and Augmented Reality #Visual Analytics #Volume Rendering #Data Mining #Data Science #Big Data #Data Warehouse #Visualization #Security #Privacy #Big DaaS #Scalable Computing #Cloud Computing #Knowledge Discovery #Integration #Transformation #Information Retrieval #Social Data and Semantics #Mining Functions #Data Regression #Data Classification #Anomaly Detection #Data Clustering #Data Association #Data Regression #Data Cleaning #Feature Selection and Extraction #Data Mining Algorithms #Apriori #Decision Tree #Generalized Linear Models #K-Means #Minimum Description Length #Naive Bayes #Non-Negative Matrix Factorization #0-Cluster #Support Vector Machines #Data Preparation #Mining Unstructured Data #Artificial Intelligence #Future Directions and Challenges in Data Mining #Industrial Challenges in Data Mining #Cryptographic Protocols #Cryptography and Coding #Untrace-Ability #Privacy and Authentication #Key Management #Authentication #Trust Management #Quantum Cryptography #Computational Intelligence in Security #Artificial Immune Systems #Biological & Evolutionary Computation #Intelligent Agents and Systems #Reinforcement & Unsupervised Learning #Autonomy-Oriented Computing #Coevolutionary Algorithms #Fuzzy Systems #Biometric Security #Trust Models and Metrics #Regulation and Trust Mechanisms #Data Integrity #Models for Authentication #Trust and Authorization #Wireless Network Security #Information Hiding #Data & System Integrity #Access Control and Intrusion Detection #Intrusion Detection and Vulnerability Assessment #Authentication and Non-Repudiation #Identification and Authentication #Insider Threats and Countermeasures #Intrusion Detection & Prevention #Secure Cloud Computing #Security Information Systems Architecture and Design and Security Patterns #Security Management #Security Requirements (Threats, Vulnerabilities, Risk, Formal Methods, etc.) #Sensor and Mobile ad hoc Network Security #Service and Systems Design and QOS Network Security #System Security #Intrusion Detection #Secure end Systems #Secure Operating Systems #Data Base Security #Security Infrastructures #Security Evaluation #Software Security #Security and Privacy in Mobile Systems#Security and Privacy in Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing #Security and Privacy in Web Services #Security and Privacy Policies #Security Area Control #Security Deployment #Security Engineering #Security for Grid Computing #Security in Distributed Systems #Network Security #Internet Security #Firewalls #Mobile Security #Security Agents #Protocols #Anti-Virus and Anti-Hacker Measures #Content Protection #Software Protection #Tamper Resistant Software #Electronic Commerce #Electronic Government #Health #Telecommunications #Mobility #Foundations #Privacy #Access Control #Authentication #Identification #Applied Cryptography #Formal Methods in Information Security #IoT & IoE & Edge Computing #Distributed Mobile Applications Utilizing IoT #Security, Privacy and Trust in IoT & IoE #Standards for IoT Applications #Ubiquitous Computing #Blockchain-enabled IoT Device and Data Security and Privacy #Application of WSN in IoT #Cloud Resources Utilization in IoT #Wireless Access Technologies for IoT #Mobile Applications and Services for IoT #Machine/ Deep Learning with IoT & IoE #Smart Sensors and Internet of Things for Smart City #Logic, Functional programming and Microcontrollers for IoT #Sensor Networks, Actuators for Internet of Things #Data Visualization using IoT #IoT Application and Communication Protocol #Big Data Analytics for Social Networking using IoT #IoT Applications for Smart Cities #Emulation and Simulation Methodologies for IoT #IoT Applied for Digital Contents #Soft Computing #Advance Ubiquitous Computing #Parallel Computing #Distributed Computing #Machine Learning #Information Retrieval #Expert Systems #Data Mining #Text Mining #Data Warehousing #Predictive Analysis #Data Management #Big Data Analytics #Big Data Security #Nature Inspired Computing #Reconfigurable Computing #Cloud, Cluster, Grid and P2P Computing #Biomedical Computing #Green Computing #Mobile Computing #Nano Ubiquitous Computing #Context Awareness and Personalization, Autonomic and Trusted Computing #Internet Computing #Sequential, Parallel and Distributed Algorithms and Data Structures #Approximation and Randomized Algorithms #Graph Algorithms And Graph Drawing #On-Line and Streaming Algorithms #Analysis of Algorithms and Computational Complexity #Algorithm Engineering #Web Algorithms #Exact And Parameterized Computation #Algorithmic Game Theory #Computational Biology #Foundations of Communication Networks #Computational Geometry #Discrete Optimization #Software Engineering Methodologies #Agent-based Software Engineering #Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Software Engineering #Component-based Software Engineering #Embedded and Ubiquitous Software Engineering #Aspect-based Software Engineering #Empirical Software Engineering #Search-Based Software Engineering #Automated Software Design and Synthesis #Computer-Supported Cooperative Work #Automated Software Specification #Reverse Engineering #Software Engineering Techniques and Production Perspectives #Requirements Engineering #Software Analysis, Design and Modelling #Software Maintenance and Evolution #Software Engineering Tools and Environments #Software Engineering Decision Support #Software Design Patterns #Software Product Lines #Process and Workflow Management #Reflection and Metadata Approaches #Program Understanding and System Maintenance #Software Domain Modelling and Analysis #Software Economics #Multimedia and Hypermedia Software Engineering #Software Engineering Case Study and Experience Reports #Enterprise Software, Middleware, and Tools #Artificial Intelligent Methods, Models, Techniques #Artificial Life and Societies #Swarm Intelligence #Smart Spaces #Autonomic Computing and Agent-Based Systems #Autonomic Computing #Adaptive Systems #Agent Architectures, Ontologies, Languages and Protocols #Multi-Agent Systems #Agent-Based Learning and Knowledge Discovery #Interface Agents #Agent-Based Auctions and Marketplaces #Secure Mobile and Multi-Agent Systems #Mobile agents #SOA and Service-Oriented Systems #Service-Centric Software Engineering #Service Oriented Requirements Engineering #Service Oriented Architectures #Middleware for Service Based Systems #Service Discovery and Composition #Service Level Agreements (Drafting, Negotiation, Monitoring and Management) #Runtime Service Management #Semantic web #Data Modelling, Mining and Data Analytics #Aggregation, Integration, and Transformation #Web and Text Mining #Data Mining Methods, Techniques, and Tools #Data Analytics Modelling and Algorithms #Patterns and Frameworks #Data Visualization #Knowledge Systems and Engineering #Knowledge Acquisition #Knowledge-based and Expert Systems #Knowledge Representation and Retrievals #Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques #Time and Knowledge Management Tools #Knowledge Modelling, Integration, Transformation, and Management #Uncertainty Knowledge Management #Knowledge Visualization #Mobile Computing and Mobile System Engineering #Mobile App Design and Development #Innovative Mobile Applications #Pervasive Computing #Mobile System Validation and Test Automation #Software & System Quality of Service #Soft Computing #Software and System Testing Methods #Quality Assurance Process, Standards, and Systems #Software Safety Systems #Software Test Automation and Tools #Software Dependability, Reliability, Scalability #Software & System Security #Software and System Security and Privacy #Mobile App Security and Privacy #Encryption Methods and Tools #Security Service Systems #Cloud, Sensor Cloud and Mobile Cloud Security #Mobile System Integrity, Security, And Fault Tolerance #Emergent Topics #Cloud Computing and Innovative Cloud-Based Application Systems #Mobile Cloud Computing and Application Services #Big Data Analytics Application Systems #Innovative Sensing Cloud and Systems #Large-Scale Cyber Systems #IoT and Smart City Application Systems #Big Data Quality Validation #Big Data Application Quality Services #Smart Learning and Innovative Education Systems #Learning Software Design Engineering #Smart Learning Methods and Environments #Online Learning Systems #Mobile Enabled Learning Systems and Tools #PhD Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLon

Facial Expression Recognition Using Principal Component Analysis
Ajit P. Gosavi¹, S. R. Khot²
¹Ajit P. Gosavi, Electronics and Telecommunication Department, S.S.P.M. college of Engineering, Kankavali, India.
²Professor S.R.Khot, Information Technology Department, D.Y. Patil college of Engineering and Technology, Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, India.
Manuscript received on August 08, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 29, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 258-262 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1824093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Expression detection is useful as a non-invasive method of lie detection and behaviour prediction. However, these facial expressions may be difficult to detect to the untrained eye. In this paper we implements facial expression recognition techniques using Principal Component analysis (PCA). Experiments are performed using standard database like Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database. The universally accepted six principal emotions to be recognized are: Angry, Happy, Sad, Disgust, Fear and Surprise along with neutral. Euclidean distance based matching Classifier is used.
Keywords: Facial Expression Detection, Feature Extraction Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database, Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

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D1815093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:29:56 +0000

MCM and CPM Combination as Compared to The Use of FDE for CPM
A. Montazeri¹, J. Haddadnia²
¹Alimohammad Montazeri, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
²Javad Haddadnia, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
Manuscript received on August 08, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 27, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 253-257 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1815093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper compares Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) and Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) combination, with the use of Frequency Domain Equalization (FDE) for Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM). It is shown that these two constant envelope methods exploit the frequency diversity of multi path channel. In addition, they have 0dB Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and high power efficiency. However, MCM-CPM combination outperforms applying FDE for CPM due to superior performance of multicarrier systems in frequency selective channels by using orthogonal subcarriers.
Keywords: Multi Carrier Modulation (MCM), Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM), Frequency Domain Equalization (FDE).

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D1847093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:24:54 +0000

Models of 2PL Algorithms with Timestamp Ordering for Distributed Transactions Concurrency Control
Svetlana Zhelyazkova Vasileva¹, Aleksandar Petrov Milev²
¹Svetlana Vasileva, College – Dobrich, Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Dobrich, Bulgaria.
²Aleksandar Milev, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Shumen, Bulgaria.
Manuscript received on August 04, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 26, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 247-252 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1847093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper simulation models of two-phase locking in distributed database systems are presented. A mechanism of timestamp ordering (―wait – die‖ method) is embedded in the modeling algorithms to prevent deadlocks. The results of running model of Centralized, Distributed and Primary copy Two-phase locking algorithms are gathered and analyzed and represented. The main characteristics of transaction processing in distributed database management systems such as throughput, response time and probability service are given.
Keywords: Simulation models, GPSS transactions, Distributed transactions, Two-phase locking, Timestamp ordering.

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D1843093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:20:26 +0000

Forensic Sketch-Photo Matching using LFDA
Ujwala T. Tayade¹, Seema Biday², Lata Ragha³
¹Ujwala Tayade, Computers, Terna Engineering college, Mumbai University, Navi Mumbai, India.
²Seema Biday, Computer Department, Terna Engineering college, Mumbai University, Navi Mumbai, India.
³Lata Ragha, Computer Department, Terna Engineering college, Mumbai University, Navi Mumbai, India.
Manuscript received on August 03, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 29, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 242-246 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1843093413
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The advancement of biometric technology has provided criminal investigators additional tools to determine the identity of criminals. In addition to DNA and circumstantial evidence, if a latent fingerprint is found at an investigative scene or a surveillance camera captures an image of a suspect’s face, then these cues may be used to determine the culprit’s identity using automated biometric identification. However, many crimes occur where none of this information is present, but instead an eye-witness of the crime is available. In these circumstances a forensic artist is often used to work with the witness or the victim in order to draw a sketch that depicts the facial appearance of the culprit according to the verbal description. These sketches are known as forensic sketches. This problem of matching a forensic sketch to a gallery of mugshot images is addressed here using a robust framework called local feature-based discriminant analysis (LFDA). Since, forensic sketches or digital face images can be of poor quality, a pre -processing technique is used to enhance the quality of images and improve the identification performance.In this paper experiments are carried out using 52 forensic sketches for matching against a gallery of 264 photo images. The experimental results demonstrate the matching performance of the proposed algorithm with the use of preprocessing approach yields better identification accuracy compared to other methods.
Keywords: Forensic sketch, Mugshots, Feature-based approach, Local feature-based discriminant analysis, Feature descriptors.

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D1818093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:16:04 +0000

Comparison between Innovative Approaches of RFID Based Localization Using Fingerprinting Techniques for Outdoor and Indoor Environments
Shyam Sundar Prasad¹, Chanakya Kumar²
¹Shyam Sundar Prasad, SMIEEE Department of ECE National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India.
²Chanakya Kumar, MIEEE Department of ECE Research Scholar, SHIATS, Allahabad, India.
Manuscript received on August 05, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 28, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 238-241 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1818093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper, two novel localization algorithms using a fingerprint technique are proposed. The performance evaluation of these algorithms is compared by calculating the location estimation error. The feasibility for indoor and outdoor applications is investigated. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System is utilized by the reader being the localized target. The passive tags are chosen as reference tags. The basic principle of the fingerprint technique is to find the target location by comparing its signal (or information) pattern to a beforehand recorded database of known location data. Consequently, there are two main steps for estimating the target location: the detected tags, in the first place, discovered by the reader at each fingerprint location are stored in the database and called a fingerprint. The reader location, in the second place, can be estimated by using two proposed methods. The performance of each method is verified by experiment data. The best results of location estimation error among one another for outdoor environment is less than 38 cm and for indoor environment is less than 35 cm. Furthermore, the investigation found that proposed methods can be used in the real applications for both indoor and outdoor environment.
Keywords: Fingerprint, localization, outdoor environment, indoor environment, RFID.

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D1841093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:10:43 +0000

An Energy Efficient Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks: Hierarchical Approach
Nishi Sharma¹, Vandna Verma²
¹Nishi Sharma, M.Tech. Scholar, Computer Science & Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, India.
²Vandna Verma, Asst. Professor, Rajasthan College of Engineering for Women, Jaipur, India.
Manuscript received on August 05, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 28, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 231-237 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1841093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the emerging field of research in recent era of communication world. These networks collect information from the environments and deliver the same to the applications to determine characteristics of the environment or detect an event. Since the sensor nodes have limited amount of energy, it is a major issue in wireless sensor networks to develop an energy-efficient routing protocol. Many energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed to solve this problem and increase the lifetime of the network. This paper proposes an energy efficient hierarchical based routing protocol. In this, clusters are made based on their geographical location & cluster heads are chosen on the basis of highest residual energy within the cluster as well as minimum distance to the base station from the cluster heads. Simulation is done using MATLAB. The results show that the network lifetime & residual energy of the nodes increases as we increase the number of cluster in the network.
Keywords: Energy efficient routing, Hierarchical routing, Improvement in LEACH protocol, Network lifetime, Wireless Sensor Networks.

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D1840093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:06:19 +0000

Coupled Thermal – Structural Finite Element Analysis for Exhaust Manifold of an Off-road Vehicle Diesel Engine
Sweta Jain¹, Alka Bani Agrawal²
¹Sweta Jain, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute Of Technology, RGPV, Bhopal, India.
²Dr.Alka Bani Agrawal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute Of Technology, RGPV, Bhopal, India.
Manuscript received on August 03, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 29, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 226-230 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1840093413
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper present the Sequential Coupled Thermal – Structural Analysis to investigate the associated thermal stresses and deformations under simulated operational conditions close to the real situation on different materials. Analysis carried out by reference environmental testing conditions; in different ambient temperatures on different materials i.e. cast iron, structural steel.The finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench 14.0 used to calculate the linear steady state temperature distribution under the thermal field & structural analysis. Thermal analysis calculates the temperature distributions and related thermal quantities in an exhaust manifold. Structural analysis takes inputs from thermal analysis to calculate deformation, stress and strain. FEM analysis is done by using tetrahedral element of first order and convergence test is performed for structural load. The purpose of this analysis is to ensure the appropriateness of material for the defined design from the view point of serviceability of the exhaust manifold. Selected details and results of the overall investigation are presented and discussed within the framework of this paper.
Keywords: Exhaust Manifold, FEM, Heat Transfer Coefficient, Thermal-Structural Analysis.

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D1838093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:01:13 +0000

Enhanced ” One Phase Commit Protocol ” In Transaction Management
Nitesh Kumar¹, Ashish Kumar², Md. Imran Alam³
¹Nitesh Kumar, M.Tech research scholar school of computer Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
²Ashish Kumar, M.Tech research scholar school of computer Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
³Md. Imran Alam, M.Tech research scholar school of computer Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Manuscript received on August 07, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 28, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 221-225 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1838093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Transaction management in homogeneous distributed database system generates complexity and creates replication and distribution of data. It has been widely used in the area of distributed database system with multiple sites. One phase commit protocol was commonly used in transaction management. When a transaction runs across two sites one site may commit and another one may fail due to an inconsistent state of the transaction. The choice of commit protocol is an important design decision for distributed database system. A commit protocol in a distributed database transaction which should uniformly commit to ensure that all the participating sites agree to the final outcome and the result may be either a commit or an abort situation. In this paper, we have enhanced the one phase commit protocol based on two phase commit protocol. This phase either the ” commit ” or the ” abort ” both sides which results the query process of transaction management.
Keywords: Database system, transaction management, Homogeneous distributed database system, two phase commit protocol.

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D1833093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 03:25:51 +0000

Performance Analysis of Full Adder & It’s Impact on Multiplier Design
Janagam.Srinivasa Rao¹, Gulivindala.Suresh²
¹J.Srinivasarao, Department of ECE, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, A.P. India.
²Gulivindala Suresh, Department of ECE, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, A.P. India.
Manuscript received on August 08, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 27, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 216-220 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1833093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Full adder is an indispensable component for the design and development of all types of processors viz. digital signal processors (DSP), microprocessors etc. Adders are the core element of complex arithmetic operations like addition, multiplication, division, exponentiation etc. The various full adders available are conventional CMOS full adder, parallel prefix adders, hybrid full adders, mirror full adders, adders using mux and transmission gate logic. The main objective is to compare the existing full adder circuit’s performance and to design a Low Power Full Adder and to analyze its impact on 4×4 Wallace Tree Multiplier design. The design and implementation of proposed full adder and multiplier is done by using Mentor Graphics tool in 180 nm technology.
Keywords: Delay; Full adder; Low Power; Performance Analysis; Logic Impact; Wallace Tree multiplier.

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D1832093413

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 12 Oct 2021 03:21:53 +0000

Wavelet Analysis Based Overcurrent Protection for Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
Thati. Venkata M Lakshmi¹, M.V.Ramesh²
¹Thati. Venkata M Lakshmi, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, J.NT.U.K/P.V.P.S.I.T/Vijayawada/ India.
²M. V. Ramesh, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, J.NT.U.K/P.V.P.S.I.T/Vijayawada/ India.
Manuscript received on August 09, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on August 27, 2013. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2013. | PP: 211-215 | Volume-3, Issue-4, September 2013. | Retrieval Number: D1832093413/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to progress the over current protection for Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors (PMBLDCM) operating under the various operating conditions ranging from no-load to full load operation. From operating point of view, an operation where the operating point of motor is continuously changing with time and the motor is never operating at a constant speed throughout its operation is termed as non-stationary. Signal processing algorithms such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) cannot be used in non-stationary signals analysis is essentially complicated. This means that under assumptions of near stationary more sophisticated signal processing techniques are needed. In wavelet analysis, a signal is analyzed at different scales or resolutions. To gaze at the approximate stationary of the signal, a large window is used to and a small window is simultaneously used to look for transients. This multi-resolution or multi-scale view of the signal is the core of wavelet analysis. A single prototype function is used to perform wavelet analysis called a wavelet. As measurement of the instantaneous frequency is a significant feature of the anticipated fault-detection algorithm[1]. The Haar wavelet will be chosen for this application.
Keywords: PMBLDCM, over-currents, wavelets and MATLAB.

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