Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011 – International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)

F2053013614

IJSCE Journal — Mon, 18 Oct 2021 05:09:45 +0000

The International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) has ISSN: 2231-2307 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, March, May, July, September and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Soft Computing and Engineering that covers Data Communication and Networking, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networking, Image Processing and Recognition, Software Engineering and Project Management (SEPM), Computer Graphics and Multimedia (CGM), Data Mining, Cryptography and Network Security, Smart Computing and Information Processing, Internet of Things (IoT), Computation Intelligence and Analytics, Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Mining (KM), Operating System, Data Base Management System (DBMS), Data Structure and Algorithm (DSA), Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), and all interdisciplinary streams of Soft Computing and Engineering. #Addressing, Routing, Switching and Location Management #Broadband, Mobile, Wired, Wireless Internet 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Capacity Enhancement of MCCDMA Systems through MAI Cancellation Using Switched Interleaving Technique and Correlation Reconstruction based MRC with Diversity Gain
G.Senthilkumar¹, R.Amutha²
¹G.Senthilkumar, Assistant Professor, ECE Department, SCSVMV University, Enathur, Kanchipuram, India.
²R.Amutha,Professor, ECE Department, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India
Manuscript received on March 03, 2014. | Revised Manuscript received on March 28, 2014. | Manuscript published on March 05, 2014. | PP: 83-87 | Volume-4 Issue-1, March 2014. | Retrieval Number: F2053013614/2014©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The multi-carrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA) is a attractive choice for the future wireless systems where multiplexing and diversity in space, time and frequency are joined together through multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and space time block coding (STBC) in order to increase user capacity. In this study, the orthogonal complete complementary (OCC) spreading codes are employed along with unique spreading modulation for synchronous downlink transmission of MCCDMA systems. However, MC-CDMA suffers from multiple access interference (MAI) due to frequencyselective fading and multipath effects. To mitigate this MAI effect and achieve diversity gain, adaptive switched interleaving technique is proposed based on the concept of Minimum Distance Conditional Bit Error Rate (MDCBER) criterion. Furthermore, simple correlation reconstruction based maximal ratio combing (CRMRC) scheme is introduced at the receiver to compensate the diversity fading and suppress the effect of MAI at the receiver. The proposed technique modifies interleaving pattern adaptively for STBC encoded sequence of the users to reconstruct the orthogonality among the users to counteract the fading and multipath effects. For this purpose only a quantized detail of the Squared Minimum Distance Estimation (SMDE) is enough at the users such that the associated overhead is nominal compared to perfect channel state information (CSI) at the users. The simulation result shows that the MCCDMA system using switched interleaving technique along with CRMRC scheme achieves significant performance improvement in terms of BER. It also shows that the proposed technique reduces the MAI and increases user capacity.
Keywords: Multicarrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA), multiple access interference (MAI), switched interleaving, combining schemes, orthogonal complete complementary (OCC) Codes

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E0145081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 08:58:44 +0000

A Study on Different Image Retrieval Techniques in Image Processing
Gulfishan Firdose Ahmed¹, Raju Barskar²
¹Gulfishan Firdose Ahmed, Department of Information Technology, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India.
²Raju Barskar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, RGPV, Bhopal, (M.P.), India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 247-251 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: E0145081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: With the popularity of the network and development of multimedia technology, the traditional information retrieval techniques do not meet the users’ demand. Recently, the content-based image retrieval has become the hot topic and the techniques of content-based image retrieval have been achieved great development. In this paper, the basic components of content-based image retrieval system are introduced. Image retrieval methods based on color, texture, shape and semantic image are discussed, analyzed and compared. The semantic-based image retrieval is a better way to solve the “semantic gap” problem, so the semantic-based image retrieval method is stressed in this paper. Other related techniques such as relevance feedback and performance evaluation also discussed. In the end of paper the problems and challenges are proposed. In many areas of commerce, government, academia, and hospitals, large collections of digital images are being created. Many of these collections are the product of digitizing existing collections of analogue photographs, diagrams, drawings, paintings, and prints. Usually, the only way of searching these collections was by keyword indexing, or simply by browsing. Digital images databases however, open the way to content-based searching. In this paper we survey some technical aspects of current content-based image retrieval systems.
Keywords: Image retrieval, content-based image retrieval, color, texture, shape and semantic-based image retrieval.

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D0135081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 08:51:48 +0000

Designing & Implementation of Digital Filter for Removal of Power Supply Noise
Manish Kansal¹, Vijay Kumar², Dinesh Arora³, Hardeep Singh Saini⁴
¹Manish Kansal, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Panchkula Engineering College, Barwala Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
²Vijay Kumar, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, MMEC Mullana, India.
³Dinesh Arora, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SDDIET Barwala, India.
⁴Hardeep Singh Saini, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Indo Global College, Abhipur,, India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 242-246 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0135081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: An ECG is a simple and useful test which records the rhythm and electrical activity of the heart of the patient that suffers from any heart disease. An ECG can detect problems you may have with your heart rhythm .It can help doctors tell if you are having a heart attack or if you’ve had a heart attack in the past. Sometimes an ECG can indicate if your heart is enlarged or thickened Digital Filter Design problem involves the determination of a set of filter coefficients to meet a set design specifications. These specifications typically consist of the width of the pass band and the corresponding gain, the width of the stop band(s) and the attenuation therein; the band edge frequencies (which give an indication of the transition band) and the peak ripple tolerable in the pass band and stop band(s).There are many techniques for selecting coefficients. We can use a spreadsheet like Microsoft Excel, or there are many design packages which will do the job. I have used MATLAB for this purpose as it is the most advanced tool for DSP applications. Also it helps to verify the design and results that comes from the hardware.
Keywords: FIR, IIR, Matlab, VHDL.

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D0133081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 08:43:05 +0000

A Novel Dynamically Optimized Embedded Video Burst Scheduler to Enhance the System QoS
B. Bag¹, A. K. Jana², M. K. Pandit³
¹B. Bag, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.
²A. K. Jana, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.
³M. K. Pandit, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 237-241 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0133081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Real-time video processing is still now a formidable task for the strict requirement on latency control and packet loss minimization. Burst processing has come to the rescue by offering buffer less operation and separation of control and data information. In this paper a novel dynamically-optimized embedded burst scheduling method suitable for processing class-differentiated video channels has been proposed. The method is based on statistical Markov chains where the initial scheduled Markov transition probabilities are subsequently adaptively reconfigured by the central scheduler to maintain the best system Quality of Service (QoS).
Keywords: Embedded systems, QoS, Markov process, Reconfigurable computing, Video communication.

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D0132081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 08:38:13 +0000

Performance Evaluation of Genetic Based Dynamic Clustering Algorithm over LEACH Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
D. Srinivasa Rao¹, B. J. M. Ravi Kumar²
¹D. Srinivasa Rao., Department of Computer Applications, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences, Visakhapatnam, (Andhra Pradesh), India.
²B. J. M. Ravi Kumar, Department of Computer Applications, Kaushik College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, (Andhra Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 233-236 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0132081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless computing devices network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, motion, intrusion or pollutants, at different locations. The purpose of designing these networks is gathering information from the environment and sending them to the sink node. One of the most important issues in these kinds of networks is energy efficiency. The longer the communication distance, the more energy will be consumed during transmission. So, clustering is a way to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a dynamic clustering algorithm using genetic algorithm. This algorithm takes different parameters into consideration to increase the network lifetime. The results of the conducted simulations show the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Clustering, Genetic algorithm, Energy Consumption.

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D0129081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 07:37:58 +0000

Power proficient Application Specific Communication Infrastructure for Advance SoC
Naveen Choudhary¹, M. S. Gaur², V. Laxmi³
¹Naveen Choudhary, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
²M. S. Gaur, Department of Computer Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India.
³V. Laxmi, Department of Computer Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 227-232 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0129081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Networks-on-Chip is getting established as a communication infrastructure for future advance and complex SoC plateforms, composed of a large number of homogenous or heterogeneous processing resources. Application specific SoC design presents the prospects for incorporating custom NoC architectures that are more suitable for a specific application, and may not be suitable for regular topologies. The precise but often different communication requirements among IP-cores of the SoC call for the design of application-specific topology of SoC for better performance with respect to communication energy, latency, and throughput. In the presented work, a methodology for the design of customized irregular topology for SoC with complex communication behavior is proposed. The proposed methodology uses the aforementioned knowledge of the application’s communication attribute to produce an power optimized network and corresponding routing tables.
Keywords: SoC, on-chip networks, application specific NoC, interconnection network.

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D0128081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 07:31:56 +0000

Noise Dose Emitted from Different Electrical Machines Compared
Tirtharaj Sen¹, Pijush Kanti Bhattacharjee², Debamalya Banerjee³, Bijan Sarkar⁴
¹Tirtharaj Sen, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Asansol Engineering College, Kanyapur, Vivekananda Sarani, Asansol, Burdwan, India.
²Pijush Kanti Bhattacharjee, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Assam University [A Central University], Silchar, Assam, India.
³Debamalya Banerjee, Reader, Department of Production Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
⁴Bijan Sarkar, Professor, Department of Production Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 219-226 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0128081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper deals with the study and comparison of noise dose emitted from different electrical machines. The study has been done in an electrical machine laboratory. Readings of noise parameters are taken from different machines using a noise dosimeter and the different noise related variables such as Leq (Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level), LAV (Average sound level), LAE (Sound exposure level), TWA (Time weighted average) are compared for different ac and dc machines. Nomographic technique based on graphical analysis is used for finding out percentage noise dose and comparing that with the data collected from dosimeter. This study gives a complete measurement of noise levels and its parameters for different electrical machines ac and dc types, and hence it is a source to detect mechanical faults of the machines which are causing the noise produced. Also mechanical faults of the electrical machines are identified by analysis the frequency of noise emitting sound from the machines. These techniques are used for safeguarding the machines as well as environmental pollution.
Keywords: Electrical Machines, Frequency of Noise Emitting Sound, Noise Dose, Noise Dosimeter, Noise Related Parameters, Peak Exceedance Level.

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D0126081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 07:26:21 +0000

A Framework for Performing Mutation Analysis and Deviants
Manoj Kumar¹, Mohammad Hussain²
¹Manoj Kumar, Research Scholar, UPRTOU, Allahabad, India.
²Dr. Mohammad Husain, Director, AIET, Lucknow, India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 212-218 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0126081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The development of framework for safety critical area what happens, when some part of a system deviates from the intentions of designer is a critical research issue. When we apply, HAZOP technique using UML, then, we check the object-oriented design with a fault-free analysis and design. By mutation analysis and HAZOP, we find a better optimum result. The mutation method is a fault-based testing strategy that measures the quality/adequacy of testing by examining whether the test set (test input data) used in testing can reveal certain types of faults. This paper describes the UML-HAZOP technique with mutation based operator or analysis. Using this, we find more and more optimum result and solution, when we design our system with UML.
Keywords: Mutation Analysis, Mutation Testing, UML-HAZOP, Object-Oriented.

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D0123081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 07:16:59 +0000

FPGA Synthesis of Soft Decision Tree (SDT) for Classification of Epilepsy Risk Levels from Fuzzy Based Classifier using EEG Signals
R. HariKumar¹, M. Balasubramani²
¹Dr. R. Hari kumar, Professor, ECE Department,. Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.
²M. Balasubramani Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Info Institute of Engineering, Coimbatore, India.
Manuscript received on August 22, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 31, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 206-211 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0123081411/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to design, simulate, and synthesis a simple, suitable and reliable Soft Decision Trees for classification of epilepsy risk levels from EEG signals. The fuzzy classifier (level one) is used to classify the risk levels of epilepsy based on extracted parameters like energy, variance, peaks, sharp and spike waves, duration, events and covariance from the EEG signals of the patient. Soft Decision Tree (post classifier with max-min and min-max criteria) of three models is applied on the classified data to identify the optimized risk level (singleton) which characterizes the patient’s risk level. The efficacy of these methods is compared with the bench mark parameters such as Performance Index (PI), and Quality Value (QV). A group of twenty patients with known epilepsy findings are analyzed. High PI such as 95.88 % was obtained at QV’s of 22.43 in the SDT model of (16-4-2-1) with Method-II (min-max criteria) when compared to the value of 40% and 6.25 through fuzzy classifier respectively. It was observed that the simulated and synthesized Field Programmable Gated Array (FPGA) SDT models are good post classifier in the optimization of epilepsy risk levels which is closely follows the mat lab version. the deterministic character of dynamics of the underlying system.
Keywords: EEG Signals, Epilepsy, Fuzzy Logic, Soft Decision Trees, Risk Levels, FPGA synthesis.

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D0122081411

IJSCE Journal — Thu, 30 Sep 2021 07:12:57 +0000

Quality Improvement in Turning Process using Taguchi’s Loss Function
L. Savadamuthu¹, S. Muthu², P. Vivekanandan³
¹L. Savadamuthu, Assistant Professor, SNS College of Technology, Affiliated to Anna University Coimbatore, India.
²Dr. S. Muthu, Principal, Srividya College of Engineering and Technology, Affiliated to Anna University Tirunelveli, India.
³P. Vivekanandan, Associate Professor, SNS College of Technology, Affiliated to Anna University Coimbatore, India.
Manuscript received on August 19, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on August 29, 2011. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2011. | PP: 202-205 | Volume-1 Issue-4, September 2011. | Retrieval Number: D0122081411/2011©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper presents a advanced technique for quality improvement in turning operations. In this study, the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal cutting parameters in turning operations. The orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance are employed to study the performance characteristics in turning operations of AISI 1030 steel bars using TiN coated tools. The model was developed initially for unidiameter case and then adapted to other workpiece geometries. An Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed in this paper to control a constant cutting force turning process under various cutting conditions. The ANFIS consists of two parts: predictor and the fuzzy logic controller. The step size of the predictor, and the scaling factors of the fuzzy controller are adjusted for ensuring stability and obtaining optimal control performances. The Taguchi-genetic method is applied in this paper to search for the optimal control parameters of both the predictor and the fuzzy controller such that the ANFIS controller is an optimal controller. Computer simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the above optimal fuzzy control scheme designed by the Taguchi-genetic method. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Keywords: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Taguchi-genetic method, Fuzzy controller.

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