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Abstract: Distributed Generation (DG) is an electric source connected directly to the distribution network. DG has been growing rapidly in deregulated power systems due to their potential solutions to meeting localized demands at distribution level and to mitigate limited transmission capacities from centralized power stations. In this paper effort has been made to study the impact of DG on the reliability of the distribution network. IEEE 33 Bus distribution network was used for the study. Firstly, DGs were optimally sized and located in the network using Modified Particle swarm optimization and ETAP software was used to model and evaluate the reliability indices. Two scenarios were considered. Scenario one was the integration of one DG and two was integration of two DGs. The results obtained showed that as the number of DG in the system increases the reliability of the system also increases.

Keywords: Distributed Generation, Reliability indices, Modified Particle Swarm Optimization, ETAP.

References:

1. Adefarati, T., & Bansal, R. C. (2016). Integration of renewable distributed generators into the distribution system: a review. IET Renewable Power Generation, 10 (7), pp. 873-884.
2. Alberts, J. A., & de Kock, J. A. (2017). “Impact on power factor by small scale renewable energy generation”. In Domestic Use of Energy (DUE), International Conference on power systems and control. pp. 146-151
3. S. Vinayak.N.Shet (2017) “Distribution Network with optimal DG Placement and Protection Impacts: Review Analysis” International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG – IJEEE) Volume 4 Issue 2.
4. Sedighizadeh, M. Fallahnejad, M. R. Alemi, M. Omidvaran and D. Arzaghi-haris (2010) “Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Using Combination of PSO and Clonal Algorithm”, IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, Malaysia
5. MCV Suresh and Belwin Edward J (2017)” Optimal placement of distributed generation in Distribution systems by using shuffled frog leaping algorithm” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume. 12, No. 3
6. Tefera M., T.Tolesa, K. Ramesh Babu (2017) ‘Reliability Improvement of Power Distribution System Using Auto Recloser Case Study’. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Combination Engineering’. Vol 5, Issue 3

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Abstract: The Practice of Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has become an increasingly important tool within the global efforts in achieving environmental, economic and social sustainability. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) help those involved with projects to assess if progress is being achieved in line with expectations or not so that reasonable measures can be taken in good time to ensure the project success. While the knowledge on monitoring and evaluation of projects exists, the administrative components of monitoring and evaluation seem to be lacking in the management of county government funded projects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adequacy of Monitoring and Evaluation in county government funded projects in Kenya. The study investigated the influence of policy, level of planning, resources and the process on the adequacy of monitoring and evaluation exercise in the county government funded projects in Kenya. The study adopted a survey research design and the target population were the county government projects coordination department members. Two completed projects were sampled from each of the 47 counties in Kenya. 72 out of 94 questionnaires sent to the field were returned translating to 76% response rate. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 which involved descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that policies (r = 0.604, P < 0.01), planning (r = 0.596, P < 0.01), availability of resources (r = 0.815, P < 0.01) and process (r = 0.889, P < 0.01) have a significant influence on the adequacy of monitoring and evaluation of county government funded projects in Kenya

Keywords: Monitoring, Evaluation, County Government Funded Projects.

References:

1. Mayne, J. (2008) Building an evaluative culture for effective evaluation and results management. ILAC Brief (20) 4 p.
2. Rist, Ray C.; Boily, Marie-Helene; Martin, Frederic. 2011. Influencing Change: Building Evaluation Capacity to Strengthen Governance.
3. Kerzner, Harold. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
4. Jha, K. N., & Iyer, K. C. (2006). Critical determinants of project coordination. International Journal of Project Management, 24(4), 314-322.
5. Kaimenyi, K. (2005). Efficiency and Efficacy of Kenya’s Constituency Development Fund: Theory and Evidence. University of Connecticut Press.
6. Kamau, K. (2007). Kenya: CDF Litmus Test for MP Re-election Performance. Open Society Initiative for East Africa. Nairobi: Kenya Government Printers.
7. Wanjiru, G. (2008). The CDF Social Audit Guide: A Guide Handbook for Communities. Nairobi: Open Society Initiative in East Africa
8. Naoum, S., Fong, D. & Walker, G., (2004). Critical success factors in project management; in proceedings of International Symposium on Globalization and Construction, Thailand.
9. Ling, F.Y. & Chan, S.L., (2002). Performance evaluation of alternative project procurement methods. Research brief. National University of Singapore.
10. Faniran, O. O, Love, P. E. D., & Smith, J., (2000). Effective Front-End Project Management A Key-Element in Achieving Project Success in Developing Countries, 2nd International Conference on construction in Developing Countries: Challenges facing the construction industry in developing countries.
11. World Bank, (2012). Monitoring and Evaluation: Some tools, methods and approaches. The World Bank Washington, D.C.
12. Sahlin-Andersson, K., (2002). The Social Construction of Projects. A Case Study of Organizing an Extraordinary Building Project the Stockholm Globe Arena. Scandinavian Housing & Planning Research, Vol. 9, pp. 65-78.
13. Momballou, Kimberly A., (2006) The Creation of a Communication Guide for the Project Manager Implementing a Student Information System. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). 2415.

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