Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 – International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)

F2783015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 07:00:49 +0000

The International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) has ISSN: 2231-2307 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, March, May, July, September and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Soft Computing and Engineering that covers Data Communication and Networking, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networking, Image Processing and Recognition, Software Engineering and Project Management (SEPM), Computer Graphics and Multimedia (CGM), Data Mining, Cryptography and Network Security, Smart Computing and Information Processing, Internet of Things (IoT), Computation Intelligence and Analytics, Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Mining (KM), Operating System, Data Base Management System (DBMS), Data Structure and Algorithm (DSA), Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), and all interdisciplinary streams of Soft Computing and Engineering. #Addressing, Routing, Switching and Location Management #Broadband, Mobile, Wired, Wireless Internet #Networks: Adhoc and Sensor Networks, High Speed Networks, Mobile and #Wireless Networks #Network Architectures #Network Based Applications #Network Protocols #Network Operations & Management #Network Security Trust & Privacy #Cross Layer Design and Optimization #Internet and Web Applications #Network Measurement & Performance Analysis #Next Generation Internet & Web Architectures #Peer to Peer and Overlay Networks #QOS And Resource Management #Recent Trends & Developments in Computer Networks #Self-Organizing Networks and Networked Systems #Ubiquitous Networks #Virtual & Overlay Networks #Wireless Mesh Networks and Protocols #Wireless Multimedia Systems #Personal and Wearable Networks #Information-Centric Networking #Embedded Networks #Opportunistic Networking #Delay-Tolerant Networks #Cognitive Radio Networks #Vehicular Networks #Smart Grid Communications #Underwater Sensor Networks #Cyber-Physical Systems #Social Networks #Green Networking #Overlay and Peer-To-Peer Networks #Local-Area and Metropolitan-Area Networks #Storage-Area Networks #Routing and Transport Protocols #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Internet of Things #Link Technologies #Adaptive Networking Applications #Authentication, Authorization, Accounting #Security and Privacy #Cross-Layer Optimization #Multimedia and Real-Time Communication #Machine-To-Machine Communications for Smart Environments #Smart Cities #Network Traffic Characterization and Measurements #Network Management, Reliability and QoS #Performance Evaluation of Networks #Testbeds for Network Experiments #Network Coding #Optical and High-Speed Access Networks #High Performance Computing #Digital System and Logic Design #Networked-Driven Multicourse Chips #Information-Centric Networking #Opportunistic Networking #Mobile and Ubiquitous Networking #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network 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Agent-Based Systems #Autonomic Computing #Adaptive Systems #Agent Architectures, Ontologies, Languages and Protocols #Multi-Agent Systems #Agent-Based Learning and Knowledge Discovery #Interface Agents #Agent-Based Auctions and Marketplaces #Secure Mobile and Multi-Agent Systems #Mobile agents #SOA and Service-Oriented Systems #Service-Centric Software Engineering #Service Oriented Requirements Engineering #Service Oriented Architectures #Middleware for Service Based Systems #Service Discovery and Composition #Service Level Agreements (Drafting, Negotiation, Monitoring and Management) #Runtime Service Management #Semantic web #Data Modelling, Mining and Data Analytics #Aggregation, Integration, and Transformation #Web and Text Mining #Data Mining Methods, Techniques, and Tools #Data Analytics Modelling and Algorithms #Patterns and Frameworks #Data Visualization #Knowledge Systems and Engineering #Knowledge Acquisition #Knowledge-based and Expert Systems #Knowledge Representation and Retrievals #Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques #Time and Knowledge Management Tools #Knowledge Modelling, Integration, Transformation, and Management #Uncertainty Knowledge Management #Knowledge Visualization #Mobile Computing and Mobile System Engineering #Mobile App Design and Development #Innovative Mobile Applications #Pervasive Computing #Mobile System Validation and Test Automation #Software & System Quality of Service #Soft Computing #Software and System Testing Methods #Quality Assurance Process, Standards, and Systems #Software Safety Systems #Software Test Automation and Tools #Software Dependability, Reliability, Scalability #Software & System Security #Software and System Security and Privacy #Mobile App Security and Privacy #Encryption Methods and Tools #Security Service Systems #Cloud, Sensor Cloud and Mobile Cloud Security #Mobile System Integrity, Security, And Fault Tolerance #Emergent Topics #Cloud Computing and Innovative Cloud-Based Application Systems 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Modified Landweber Algorithm for Deblur and Denoise Images
Fagun Vankawala¹, Amit Ganatra²¹Fagun Vankawala, U & P U. Patel, Department of Computer Engineering, Chandubhai S Patel Institute of Technology, Charusat, Changa, Ta-Petlad, Di-Anand, India.
²Amit Ganatra, U & P U. Patel, Department of Computer Engineering, Chandubhai S Patel Institute of Technology, Charusat, Changa, Ta-Petlad, Di-Anand, India.
Manuscript received on December 16, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 29, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 79-82 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2783015616/2016©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: In this paper, we introduced modified algorithm based on traditional Landweber deblurring algorithm for reducing amount of blur and noise from satellite images. Blur image is general issue in image processing and it is hard to avoid. Image enhancement in terms of deblurring and denoising are necessary to reduce blur amount as well as noise from the image. There are few deblurring algorithms exist to deblur an image. However, if noise is present, they perform poorly. By using proposed algorithm, we get better results in terms of PSNR, execution time and complexity with blurry as well as noisy images.
Keywords: Image Deblurring, Image Denoising, Convolution, Point Spread Function (PSF), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE).

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F2786015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:52:51 +0000

Boundedness and Convergence of Batch Gradient Method for Training Pi-Sigma Neural Network with Inner-Penalty and Momentum
Kh. Sh. Mohamed¹, Xiong Yan², Zhengxue Li³, Z. A. Habtamu⁴, Abdrhaman. M. Adam⁵¹Kh. Sh. Mohamed, School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
²Xiong Yan, School of Science, Liaoning University of Science & Technology, Anshan 114051, China.
³Zhengxue Li, School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
⁴Z. A. Habtamu, School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
⁵Abdrhaman M. Adam, School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
Manuscript received on December 14, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 28, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 71-78 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2786015616 /2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: In the process industries convergence of a batch gradient method with inner-penalty and adaptive momentum is inspection for training pi-sigma neural networks. The role of the usual penalty is considered, which is a term proportional to the norm of the weights to control the magnitude of the weights and improve the generalization performance of the network. The monotonicity theorem and two convergence theorems of our gradient algorithm with inner-penalty term is guaranteed during the training iteration.
Keywords: Convergence, pi-sigma neural network, batch gradient method, inner-penalty, momentum, boundedness.

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F2787015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:43:01 +0000

Advanced Two-State Compressing Algorithm: A Versatile, Reliable and Low-Cost Computational Method for ECG Wireless Applications
Duong Trong Luong¹, Nguyen Minh Duc², Nguyen Tuan Linh³, Nguyen Thai Ha⁴, Nguyen Duc Thuan⁵¹PHD. Candidate Duong Trong Luong, Department of Electronics Technology and Biomedical Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
²Msc. Nguyen Minh Duc, Department of Electronics Technology and Biomedical Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
³B.Eng. Nguyen Tuan Linh, Department of Electronics Technology and Biomedical Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁴Prof. Nguyen Duc Thuan, Department of Electronics Technology and
Biomedical Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁵Dr. Nguyen Thai Ha, Department of Electronics Technology and Biomedical Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Manuscript received on December 16, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 29, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 56-70 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2787015616/2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: Compressing the ECG signal is considered a feasible solution for supporting a system to manipulate the package size, a major factor leading to congestion in an ECG wireless network. Hence, this paper proposes a compression algorithm, called the advanced two-state algorithm, which achieves three necessary characteristics: a) flexibility towards all ECG signal conditions, b) the ability to adapt to each requirement of the package size and c) be simple enough. In this algorithm, the ECG pattern is divided into two categories: “complex” durations such as QRS complexes, are labelled as low-state durations, and “plain” durations such P or T waves, are labelled as high-state durations. Each duration type can be compressed at different compression ratios, and Piecewise Cubic Spline can be used for reconstructing the signal. For evaluation, the algorithm was applied to 48 records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (clear PQRST complexes) and 9 records of the CU ventricular tachyarrhythmia database (unclear PQRST complexes). Parameters including Compression Ratio (CR), Percentage Root mean square Difference (PRD), Percentage Root mean square Difference, Normalized (PRDN), root mean square (RMS), Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR) and a new proposed index called Peak Maximum Absolute Error (PMAE) were used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Eventually, the results obtained were positive with low PRD, PRDN and PMAE at different compression ratios compared to many other loss-type compressing methods, proving the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm. All in all, with its extremely low-cost computation, versatility and good-quality reconstruction, this algorithm could be applied to a number of wireless applications to control package size and overcome congested situations.
Keywords: ECG compression, Telemedicine, ECG pattern classification, adaptive package size.

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F2785015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:34:51 +0000

Modified SLM Combined with Interleaving and Pulse Shaping Method for PAPR Reduction using DCT and IDCT in MIMO-OFDM System
S. Sujatha¹, P. Raja², P. Dananjayan³¹S. Sujatha, Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry (Tamil Nadu). India.
²P. Raja, Associate Professor, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, (Tamil Nadu). India.
³P. Dananjayan, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry (Tamil Nadu). India.
Manuscript received on December 12, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 28, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 48-55 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2785015616/2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a most enthralling technology which has been recently proposed in wireless communication. It provides high data rate services and offer better system performances. It improves data throughput and delivers highest capacity as well. However, MIMO-OFDM suffers with the disadvantage of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for the large number of subcarriers which can effect the system output. Therefore, to overcome the problem of high PAPR in OFDM systems, an effective technique called Modified selective mapping (SLM) is used along with Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT) matrix combined with interleaveing and pulse shaping to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio on both transmitter and receiver sides. By simulation results, it is seen that the proposed technique reduces PAPR.
Keywords: MIMO-OFDM,interleaving,pulseshaping, IDCT, PAPR.

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F2767015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:29:25 +0000

On-line Computer Test System for Remote Assessment of Neurological Patients: Part A Standard Computer Interface Application
Peter Dabnichki¹, Dilshat Djumanov²¹Peter Dabnichki, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, School of Engineering, Melbourne Australia
²Dilshat Djumanov, Richmond Pharmacology Ltd, London, UK, St George’s University London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
Manuscript received on December 12, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 27, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 35-41 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2767015616 /2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: The work presents a development of an on-line system for neurological tests. A variety of congruent, noncongruent and bradikinesia tests are described. The system is aimed at patients with a variety of neurological disorders and has been tested on Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson Disease sufferers. The current implementation uses standard PC/laptop/tablet interface and is considered appropriate for conducting unsupervised in house tests. The main aim of this development is to facilitate a link between patient, personal clinician and specialist neurologist to allow speedy assessment of treatment effectiveness and on-time interventions. The main achievement is improved accuracy of time measurement allowing for the better differentiation in the disease progression assessment and/or earlier diagnosis.
Keywords: Presents, development, disease progression assessment and/or earlier diagnosis.

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F2770015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:24:45 +0000

Experimental Investigation of Performance Parameters of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel and Ethanol Blends
Saadi Turied Kurdi¹, Hassan Abad al-wahab Anjal², Hussein Ahmed Abd Yaqoob³¹Dr. Saadi Turied Kurdi, lecturer, Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
²Dr. Hassan Abad al-wahab Anjal Associate Professor, Electro- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
³Dr. Hassan Abad al-wahab Anjal Associate Professor, Electro- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
Manuscript received on December 12, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 29, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 28-34 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2770015616/2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: An experimental study of the measurement of performance parameters of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine using diesel fuel produced in Iraq and blended with ethanol was carried out. The test fuels were used in this study included E0 Beji (100 % diesel Beji fuel), E0 Basra (100 % diesel Basra fuel), E0 Daura (100 % diesel Daura fuel), E8 blended (8% ethanol and 92% diesel Basra fuel in vol.), and E10 blended (10% ethanol and 90% diesel Basra fuel in vol.). The experimental measurements were performed at compression ratio of 22.5 at engine speed ranging from 1100 to 2600 rpm with an increment of 500 rpm, and engine torque ranging from 2 to 10 N.m with an increment of 2 N.m. Brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, brake power, mechanical efficiency, brake mean effective pressure and exhaust gas temperature were studied in this research. The experimental data from engine during test have been saved on the computerized program (ECA 100, VDAS) connected to the unit.The results show that the E8 blended fuel type registered the high value of brake specific fuel consumption .There were about 28.02 % for E8 blended fuel, 20.88 % E0 Beji fuel, 19.2 % for E0 Basra fuel, and 8.24% for E10 blended fuel higher of brake specific fuel consumption than that E0 Daura fuel. E0 Daura fuel type registered the high value of brake thermal efficiency followed by E0 Basra, E10 blended, and other types. E0 Daura fuel type recorded the high value of mechanical efficiency. E10 slightly recorded the higher value of brake mean effective pressure for all torques and speeds. E0 Basra diesel fuel gives higher exhaust gas temperature for all torques and speeds.
Keywords: Diesel fuel; ethanol; Brake Specific Fuel Consumption; Indicated Power; Exhaust Gas Temperature .

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F2768015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:14:53 +0000

An Assessment of the Significant Bottlenecks Towards Adoption of Information and Communication Technology by Kenyan Building Contractors
Elias Nyaga Nelson¹, Ahmad Omar Alkizim², Anthony Kiplimo Mutai³¹Elias Nyaga Nelson, Student: MSc Construction Project Management, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya.
²Ahmad Omar Alkizim, PhD (Reading, UK) MSc. (International Construction Project Management, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, England.
³Anthony Kiplimo Mutai, Ph.D (Bowling Green State University, Ohio, United State.
Manuscript received on December 16, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 29, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 22-27 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2768015616/2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: In the competitive market of the construction industry, construction firms attempt to implement projects within the least cost and time, and the highest quality. One of the factors that has been established to affect these parameters is the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) Many ICT platforms have been developed to help in execution of projects. Kenyan construction firms have attempted to utilize several of them. However, many of the contractors have not managed to adopt many of the available ICT platforms This research explored the factors that hinder the Kenyan building contractors from achieving higher levels of ICT adoption. Eighty construction firms were selected mainly in class NCA1 and NCA2 through sampling. Practitioners directly involved in project implementation within various construction firms were interviewed to establish the factors that hinder them from achieving higher levels of this ICT adoption. The responses were analyzed and a narrative interpretation developed which established that the most prevalent factor hindering adoption is the rapid changes in ICT technologies, high cost of employing ICT professionals, satisfaction with the existing method of working, Inadequate knowledge about return on ICT investment, high cost of training ICT professionals and inadequate financial resources.
Keywords: Construction, Information and communication technology.

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F2759015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:02:49 +0000

Design and Implementation of an Integrated Radar and Communication System for Smart Vehicle
D. Mondal¹, R. Bera², M. Mitra³¹D. Mondal, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, W.B, India.
²R. Bera, Department of Electronics and Communications, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Majitar, Sikkim, India.
³M. Mitra, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, W.B, India.
Manuscript received on December 16, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 29, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 8-12 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2759015616 /2016©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: This paper addresses the development efforts towards realization of Smart vehicle. Commercial Vehicles with multiple radars has the limitation of more false detection as the detection technology is based on ‘ Skin’ mode of radar operation and the radar receives its transmitted energy after reflection from the body of the target vehicles. The ‘Transponder’ mode of radar operation will definitely improve the false detection leading to CAWAS system (Collision Avoidance and Warning System). The Vehicles will be the ‘friends’ to each other by integrating the local radar mounted on each vehicle with Vehicular Communication. The authors have developed one such CAWAS model utilizing the VLSI based advanced development platforms. This paper will highlight the achievements and limitations of the developed model.
Keywords: CAWAS system (Collision Avoidance and Warning System)., Intra Vehicle Link (IVL) Short range ( SRR) and Long range ( LRR), ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control)., VLSI ,Vector Signal Generator (VSG) , Software Defined Radio (SDR), Time Correlation Function(TCF).

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D2689095415

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 05:56:52 +0000

Comparative Analysis of Rainfall Prediction Models Using Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic
Afolayan Abimbola Helen¹, Ojokoh Bolanle A.², Falaki Samuel O.³¹Afolayan Abimbola Helen, An Assistant Lecturer and a Ph.D. student, Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
²Dr (Mrs) Ojokoh Bolanle A., A Senior Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
³Prof. Falaki Samuel O., A Professor of Computer Science in the Department of Computer Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
Manuscript received on December 16, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 27, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 4-7 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: D2689095415/2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: Rainfall is a stochastic process, whose upcoming event depends on some precursors from other parameters such as temperature, surface pressure and other atmospheric parameters.Accurate information about rainfall is necessary for the use and management of water resources. Nonetheless, rainfall is one of the most complex and difficult elements in hydrology due to the tremendous range of variation over a wide range of scales both in space and time. Forecasting techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) have been used to study rainfall. This research work is motivated by the need to compare ANN and FL models to know which one is more efficient in predicting rainfall. The rainfall datasets used in this research work were collected from an automatic weather station in Iju, a town in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State for the period of four years (2007-2010). The model comparison is based on four criteria; the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), prediction error, and the prediction accuracy. The error measures are comparable for the two models. The analysis of the models accuracy, shows that, overall, the ANN model perform slightly better than the FL model in terms of PE, RMSE, MAE andaccuracy.
Keywords: Forecasting, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, ,Rainfall.

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F2761015616

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 05:49:26 +0000

Assessment of Health and Safety Management on Construction Sites in Kenya
Stephen Diang’a¹, Wanyona Githae², Ng’ang’a Kibe³¹Dr. Stephen Diang’a, Academic Professional Qualification, B. ARCH (U.O.N), M. ARCH (U.O.N), PhD ( Kwazul Natal), RSA, Specialization, Construction Project Management, Construction Contract Documentation, Project Risk Management, Architecture, Kenya.
²Dr. Wanyona Githae, Academic Professional Qualification, B.A BLDG ECONS (U.O.N), M. Engineering (Kyoto University, Japan), PhD (UCT), RSA, Kenya.
³Mr. Ng’ang’a Kibe, Academic Professional Qualification, B. PHIL. IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT (U.O.N); MSC IN Construction Project Management –( On Going) (JKUAT) Specialization, Construction Project Management, Kenya.
Manuscript received on December 14, 2016 . | Revised Manuscript received on December 26, 2016 . | Manuscript published on January 05, 2016 . | PP: 1-3 | Volume-5 Issue-6, January 2016 . | Retrieval Number: F2761015616/2016©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: In Selective Harmonic Elimination-Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM) technique, optimal switching angles at fundamental switching frequency are computed such that low order harmonics are eliminated, while the fundamental voltage is obtained as desired. The main challenge associated with SHE PWM technique is that a specified number of transcendental nonlinear equations known as Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) equations have to be solved to obtain the appropriate switching angles. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with random initial values is proposed for solving SHE equations of an 11-level inverter. The proposed method is derivative-free, accurate and globally convergent. Both computational and MATLAB simulation results show that the proposed method is highly efficient for elimination of the selected low order harmonics as well as minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD).
Keywords: Multilevel inverter, PSO, modulation index, and harmonics.

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