Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 – International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)

D2721095415

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 03:38:46 +0000

The International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) has ISSN: 2231-2307 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, March, May, July, September and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Soft Computing and Engineering that covers Data Communication and Networking, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networking, Image Processing and Recognition, Software Engineering and Project Management (SEPM), Computer Graphics and Multimedia (CGM), Data Mining, Cryptography and Network Security, Smart Computing and Information Processing, Internet of Things (IoT), Computation Intelligence and Analytics, Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Mining (KM), Operating System, Data Base Management System (DBMS), Data Structure and Algorithm (DSA), Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), and all interdisciplinary streams of Soft Computing and Engineering. #Addressing, Routing, Switching and Location Management #Broadband, Mobile, Wired, Wireless Internet #Networks: Adhoc and Sensor Networks, High Speed Networks, Mobile and #Wireless Networks #Network Architectures #Network Based Applications #Network Protocols #Network Operations & Management #Network Security Trust & Privacy #Cross Layer Design and Optimization #Internet and Web Applications #Network Measurement & Performance Analysis #Next Generation Internet & Web Architectures #Peer to Peer and Overlay Networks #QOS And Resource Management #Recent Trends & Developments in Computer Networks #Self-Organizing Networks and Networked Systems #Ubiquitous Networks #Virtual & Overlay Networks #Wireless Mesh Networks and Protocols #Wireless Multimedia Systems #Personal and Wearable Networks #Information-Centric Networking #Embedded Networks #Opportunistic Networking #Delay-Tolerant Networks #Cognitive Radio Networks #Vehicular Networks #Smart Grid Communications #Underwater Sensor Networks #Cyber-Physical Systems #Social Networks #Green Networking #Overlay and Peer-To-Peer Networks #Local-Area and Metropolitan-Area Networks #Storage-Area Networks #Routing and Transport Protocols #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Internet of Things #Link Technologies #Adaptive Networking Applications #Authentication, Authorization, Accounting #Security and Privacy #Cross-Layer Optimization #Multimedia and Real-Time Communication #Machine-To-Machine Communications for Smart Environments #Smart Cities #Network Traffic Characterization and Measurements #Network Management, Reliability and QoS #Performance Evaluation of Networks #Testbeds for Network Experiments #Network Coding #Optical and High-Speed Access Networks #High Performance Computing #Digital System and Logic Design #Networked-Driven Multicourse Chips #Information-Centric Networking #Opportunistic Networking #Mobile and Ubiquitous Networking #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Adaptive Networking Applications #Antenna and Communications Devices #Microstrip Antenna #Microwave #Radar and Satellite #Smart Antenna #MIMO Antenna #Wireless Communication #RFID Network and Applications #5G Communication #6G Communication #Neural Networks #Fuzzy Logic #Simulated Biological Evolution Algorithms (Like Genetic Algorithm) #Ant Colony Optimization(etc) #Reasoning and Evolution #Intelligence Applications #Computer Vision and Speech Understanding #Multimedia and Cognitive Informatics #Data Mining and Machine Learning Tools #Heuristic and Ai Planning Strategies and Tools #Computational Theories of Learning #Technology and Computing (Like Particle Swarm Optimization) #Intelligent System Architectures #Knowledge Representation #Bioinformatics #Natural Language Processing #Multiagent Systems #Supervised Learning #Unsupervised Learning #Deep Learning #Big Data and Ai Approaches #Reinforcement Learning #And Learning with Generative Adversarial Networks 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Databases #Image Generation #Image Manipulation #Image Permanence #Image Processing #Image Processing Applications #Image Processing: Coding Analysis and Recognition #Image Representation #Image Sensing #Imaging Systems and Image Scanning #Implementation and Architectures #Latent Image #Materials for Electro-Photography #Monitoring and Surveillance #Network Architecture for Real-Time Video Transport #New Visual Services Over ATM/Packet Network #Non-Impact Printing Technologies #Object Modeling and Knowledge Acquisition #Photoconductors #Photographic Emulsions #Photopolymers #Prepress and Printing Technologies #Processing and Analysis #Protocols for Packet Video #Remote Image Sensing #Retrieval and Multimedia #Scene Modeling #Signal-Processing Aspects of Image Processing #Storage and Transmission #Video Coding Algorithms and Technologies for ATM/P #Ethics of Software Engineering and Management #Software Life Cycles Development Models #Project Planning and Management #Software Requirements Analysis #Software Design Analysis #Software Testing and Integration #Software Implementation and Maintenance #Software Maintenance and Maintainability #Software Metrics or Attributes #Software Risk Assessment and Containment #Reliability #Software Quality and Quality Assurance #Software Cost Estimation #Object Oriented Developments #Object Oriented Metrics #Object Oriented Testing #Formal Notations #3D Reconstruction #Computer Animation #Computational Fabrication #Computational Geometry #Computational Photography #Computer Vision for Computer Graphics #Data Compression for Graphics #Geometric Modelling #Geometric Processing #HCI and Computer Graphics #Human Modelling #Image Analysis #Image Based Rendering #Image Processing #Machine Learning for Graphics #Medical Imaging #Pattern Recognition #Physically Based Modelling #Illumination and Rendering ethods #Robotics and Vision #Saliency Methods #Scientific Visualization #Shape and Surface Modelling #Shape Analysis and Image Retrieval #Shape Matching #Sketch-based Modelling #Solid Modelling #Stylized rendering #Textures #Virtual and Augmented Reality #Visual Analytics #Volume Rendering #Data Mining #Data Science #Big Data #Data Warehouse #Visualization #Security #Privacy #Big DaaS #Scalable Computing #Cloud Computing #Knowledge Discovery #Integration #Transformation #Information Retrieval #Social Data and Semantics #Mining Functions #Data Regression #Data Classification #Anomaly Detection #Data Clustering #Data Association #Data Regression #Data Cleaning #Feature Selection and Extraction #Data Mining Algorithms #Apriori #Decision Tree #Generalized Linear Models #K-Means #Minimum Description Length #Naive Bayes #Non-Negative Matrix Factorization #0-Cluster #Support Vector Machines #Data Preparation #Mining Unstructured Data #Artificial Intelligence #Future Directions and Challenges in Data Mining #Industrial Challenges in Data Mining #Cryptographic Protocols #Cryptography and Coding #Untrace-Ability #Privacy and Authentication #Key Management #Authentication #Trust Management #Quantum Cryptography #Computational Intelligence in Security #Artificial Immune Systems #Biological & Evolutionary Computation #Intelligent Agents and Systems #Reinforcement & Unsupervised Learning #Autonomy-Oriented Computing #Coevolutionary Algorithms #Fuzzy Systems #Biometric Security #Trust Models and Metrics #Regulation and Trust Mechanisms #Data Integrity #Models for Authentication #Trust and Authorization #Wireless Network Security #Information Hiding #Data & System Integrity #Access Control and Intrusion Detection #Intrusion Detection and Vulnerability Assessment #Authentication and Non-Repudiation #Identification and Authentication #Insider Threats and Countermeasures #Intrusion Detection & Prevention #Secure Cloud Computing #Security Information Systems Architecture and Design and Security Patterns #Security Management #Security Requirements (Threats, Vulnerabilities, Risk, Formal Methods, etc.) #Sensor and Mobile ad hoc Network Security #Service and Systems Design and QOS Network Security #System Security #Intrusion Detection #Secure end Systems #Secure Operating Systems #Data Base Security #Security Infrastructures #Security Evaluation #Software Security #Security and Privacy in Mobile Systems#Security and Privacy in Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing #Security and Privacy in Web Services #Security and Privacy Policies #Security Area Control #Security Deployment #Security Engineering #Security for Grid Computing #Security in Distributed Systems #Network Security #Internet Security #Firewalls #Mobile Security #Security Agents #Protocols #Anti-Virus and Anti-Hacker Measures #Content Protection #Software Protection #Tamper Resistant Software #Electronic Commerce #Electronic Government #Health #Telecommunications #Mobility #Foundations #Privacy #Access Control #Authentication #Identification #Applied Cryptography #Formal Methods in Information Security #IoT & IoE & Edge Computing #Distributed Mobile Applications Utilizing IoT #Security, Privacy and Trust in IoT & IoE #Standards for IoT Applications #Ubiquitous Computing #Blockchain-enabled IoT Device and Data Security and Privacy #Application of WSN in IoT #Cloud Resources Utilization in IoT #Wireless Access Technologies for IoT #Mobile Applications and Services for IoT #Machine/ Deep Learning with IoT & IoE #Smart Sensors and Internet of Things for Smart City #Logic, Functional programming and Microcontrollers for IoT #Sensor Networks, Actuators for Internet of Things #Data Visualization using IoT #IoT Application and Communication Protocol #Big Data Analytics for Social Networking using IoT #IoT Applications for Smart Cities #Emulation and Simulation Methodologies for IoT #IoT Applied for Digital Contents #Soft Computing #Advance Ubiquitous Computing #Parallel Computing #Distributed Computing #Machine Learning #Information Retrieval #Expert Systems #Data Mining #Text Mining #Data Warehousing #Predictive Analysis #Data Management #Big Data Analytics #Big Data Security #Nature Inspired Computing #Reconfigurable Computing #Cloud, Cluster, Grid and P2P Computing #Biomedical Computing #Green Computing #Mobile Computing #Nano Ubiquitous Computing #Context Awareness and Personalization, Autonomic and Trusted Computing #Internet Computing #Sequential, Parallel and Distributed Algorithms and Data Structures #Approximation and Randomized Algorithms #Graph Algorithms And Graph Drawing #On-Line and Streaming Algorithms #Analysis of Algorithms and Computational Complexity #Algorithm Engineering #Web Algorithms #Exact And Parameterized Computation #Algorithmic Game Theory #Computational Biology #Foundations of Communication Networks #Computational Geometry #Discrete Optimization #Software Engineering Methodologies #Agent-based Software Engineering #Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Software Engineering #Component-based Software Engineering #Embedded and Ubiquitous Software Engineering 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Agent-Based Systems #Autonomic Computing #Adaptive Systems #Agent Architectures, Ontologies, Languages and Protocols #Multi-Agent Systems #Agent-Based Learning and Knowledge Discovery #Interface Agents #Agent-Based Auctions and Marketplaces #Secure Mobile and Multi-Agent Systems #Mobile agents #SOA and Service-Oriented Systems #Service-Centric Software Engineering #Service Oriented Requirements Engineering #Service Oriented Architectures #Middleware for Service Based Systems #Service Discovery and Composition #Service Level Agreements (Drafting, Negotiation, Monitoring and Management) #Runtime Service Management #Semantic web #Data Modelling, Mining and Data Analytics #Aggregation, Integration, and Transformation #Web and Text Mining #Data Mining Methods, Techniques, and Tools #Data Analytics Modelling and Algorithms #Patterns and Frameworks #Data Visualization #Knowledge Systems and Engineering #Knowledge Acquisition #Knowledge-based and Expert Systems #Knowledge Representation and Retrievals #Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques #Time and Knowledge Management Tools #Knowledge Modelling, Integration, Transformation, and Management #Uncertainty Knowledge Management #Knowledge Visualization #Mobile Computing and Mobile System Engineering #Mobile App Design and Development #Innovative Mobile Applications #Pervasive Computing #Mobile System Validation and Test Automation #Software & System Quality of Service #Soft Computing #Software and System Testing Methods #Quality Assurance Process, Standards, and Systems #Software Safety Systems #Software Test Automation and Tools #Software Dependability, Reliability, Scalability #Software & System Security #Software and System Security and Privacy #Mobile App Security and Privacy #Encryption Methods and Tools #Security Service Systems #Cloud, Sensor Cloud and Mobile Cloud Security #Mobile System Integrity, Security, And Fault Tolerance #Emergent Topics #Cloud Computing and Innovative Cloud-Based Application Systems #Mobile Cloud Computing and Application Services #Big Data Analytics Application Systems #Innovative Sensing Cloud and Systems #Large-Scale Cyber Systems #IoT and Smart City Application Systems #Big Data Quality Validation #Big Data Application Quality Services #Smart Learning and Innovative Education Systems #Learning Software Design Engineering #Smart Learning Methods and Environments #Online Learning Systems #Mobile Enabled Learning Systems and Tools #PhD Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLon

Design of MLP-NN Classifier Block with PCA-Type of Dimensionality Reduction Technique for Assessment of State of Degradation in Stator Insulation of Induction Motor
Amit J. Modak¹, H. P. Inamdar²¹Prof. Amit J. Modak, Ph. D. Research Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, India.
²Dr. H. P. Inamdar, Ex-Professor & Head, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, India.
Manuscript received on August 14, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 26, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 133-141 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2721095415 /2015©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: In the present work, the design of discrete ‘ANN’ simulation model was done for the classification and qualitative assessment of the state of degradation of insulation present in the respective phases of three-phase ac induction motor. The ‘ANN’ simulation model consists of numbers of discrete neural network classifier blocks. The extraction of mathematical parameters of stator current data pattern, which are simulating the specific state of degradation of insulation based on Park’s current transformation model, were presented in the previous research papers. Further, the optimal design specifications of the various neural network classifier blocks, which were realized on the basis of ‘multilayer perceptron’ (MLP) and ‘radial basis function’ (RBF) types of neural network architectures were compared in the same papers. The striking generalizations, which were derived on the basis of the comparative performance analysis resemble that the general optimum design specifications, which are determined on the basis of ‘MLP’ network are preferred as an optimum choice over the ‘RBF’ network. The aim of the present research paper is to explore the possibility of any further reduction in the size of the ‘MLP’ network. The present investigation emphasis the use of ‘principal component analysis’ type of dimensionality reduction technique for the simplification and improvement in the design of discrete neural network classifier blocks, which were already designed on the basis of ‘multilayer perceptron’ (MLP) neural network architecture for the classification and qualitative assessment state of degradation of insulation in three-phase ac induction motor.
Keywords: Induction motor, stator insulation, dimensionality reduction technique, principal component analysis (PCA), sensitivity analysis (SA), artificial neural network (ANN).

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D2717095415

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 03:31:43 +0000

Design of Area and Speed Efficient Square Root Carry Select Adder Using Fast Adders
Sanjeev. K¹, Sivananda Hariprasth², Saranya. M³, Sandhya. G⁴¹Sanjeev. K, 3 rd year Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) India.
²Sivananda Hariprasth. N, 3 rd year, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) India.
³Saranya .M, 3 rd year, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, SNS College of technology, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) India.
⁴Sandhya. G, 3 rd year, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) India.
Manuscript received on August 18, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 29, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 129-132 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2717095415 /2015©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: Area and speed are the most important design objectives in integrated circuits. As addition is the basic operation of all computer arithmetic, adders are one of the widely used components in digital integrated circuit design. Since propagation of carry is of major concern in designing efficient adders, this paper presents different fast adders and their performance analysis. Among all the adders discussed Square root Carry Select Adder (SQCSA) provides a good compromise between cost and performance. As, Conventional SQCSA is still area consuming due to dual Ripple Carry Adder(RCA)structures, modifications are done at gate level to reduce area. Modified SQCSA is designed using fast adders like Carry Skip Adder (CSA) and Carry Look-Ahead Adder (CLA) to increase the speed of operation.
Keywords: (SQCSA), (CLA), (CSA), Conventional, designed, Carry, Adder, concern, adders, Among, Modified.

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D2723095415

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 03:24:51 +0000

Migration from Copper to Fiber Access Network using Passive Optical Network for Green and Dry Field Areas of Pakistan
Umar Farooq¹, Sajid Bashir², Tauseef Tasneem³, A.Saboor⁴, A.Rauf⁵¹Umar Farooq, MSTN, Iqra University, Khayaban-E-Johar, Islamabad, Pakistan.
²Dr. Khawaja Tauseef Tasneem, HOD, Department of Computer Science, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
³Dr. Sajid Bashir, Department of Computer Science, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁴A. Saboor, Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
⁵A. Rauf, Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Manuscript received on August 14, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 28, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 118-128 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2723095415 /2015©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: Passive Optical Networks (PON) technology brings an evolution in the industry of Telecommunication for the provisioning of High Speed Internet (HSI) and Triple Play bundled Services that includes Voice, Data, and Video Streaming throughout the world. In Pakistan most of the service providers are offering broadband services on traditional copper OSP (Outside Plant) network since 2000. Demand for the high speed internet and broadband is increasing rapidly, it is desired with great need to migrate from traditional copper based OSP network to PON – FTTx (Fiber To The x) infrastructure. Considering the geographical requirements in Pakistan a scalable fiber network is required which can be optimized as per the user’s requirements and demands with high speed bandwidth efficiency, involving the minimum losses and with ideal capital expenditure (CAPEX). In this work a platform for migration from copper to fiber access network with a scalable and optimized PON – FTTx infrastructure in green field and dry field areas of Pakistan have been proposed using Geographic Information system (GIS). In any developing country like Pakistan having the same cultural and geographical topology, this platform can be used to migrate from copper to fiber access network to provide the PON based telecom services. The developed platform for migration from copper to PON based fiber has been studied, planned, and then simulated on a selected geographical area of Pakistan with physical execution that showed better and efficient results with reduction in capital and operational expenditures. A factual plan without ambiguities assists the operators of Pakistan to analyze/forecast bandwidth requirements of an area, optimized network planning along with the in time and efficient deployment.
Keywords: FTTx, GIS, HSI, OSP, PON

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D2718095415

IJSCE Journal — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 03:18:07 +0000

Revised Dynamic Teaching Materials Concept for Community Learning
George Moroni Teixeira Batista¹, Mayu Urata², Mamoru Endo³, Takami Yasuda⁴¹George Moroni Teixeira Batista, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
²Mayu Urata, Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
³Mamoru Endo, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Manuscript received on August 14, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 28, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 112-117 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2718095415 /2015©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: for teachers, handling information technology is not easy because it is not their specialty. This is even more apparent when they have to use it to create interactive and/or multimedia teaching materials. How can they be assisted in learning the necessary information technologies and in creating, sharing, and teaching e-Learning content? New technologies and the students represent an important part of the continuously changing learning environment, with students usually already knowing the technologies that teachers are trying to learn. Therefore, perhaps there is a way to allow students to help teachers to learn the technologies. This may be better than having a separate technical support team for the teachers, as the teachers end up depending on the support team and are thus unable to handle the technologies by themselves. This paper introduces a revised version of the dynamic teaching materials concept, based on the results of the evaluation tests done up to now. It aims to create a learning community system that allows students and teachers to help each other to learn and to improve the learning environment based on their own necessities.
Keywords: Community learning, e-Learning, education, teaching materials, version management.

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D2705095415

IJSCE Journal — Mon, 04 Oct 2021 12:05:34 +0000

Exploring of Sliding Window Visualization System to Understand Flow and Error Control Mechanism of Data Link Layer
Ayushi ChaudharyMs. Ayushi Chaudhary, Student, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Bulandshar Uttar Pradesh, India.
Manuscript received on August 14, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 26, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 107-111 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2705095415 /2015©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: The perspective of this paper is to provide user friendly Visualization System for Sliding Window protocol. The Sliding Window Visualization system (SWV) is designed to understand the flow and error control mechanisms of DLL (data link layer) protocols. The system is interactive and allows the user to modify some parameters of the protocol. In this paper a visualization system has been developed where a user can easily understand the working principle of sliding window protocol and it can be used to compare two algorithms. In the mean time except the visualization of this network protocol also we have sent data packets at the back end. Thus giving an opportunity to the user to understand the mechanism of real time data transfer, where communication is often possible between physically separated machines. The software has major responsibility is to help to visualize newly developed algorithms where a researcher formulates some mathematical model of an algorithm and a developer converts it into a visualization system. This let us to compare two algorithm’s efficiency with respect to some parameter. This paper is designed and developed in such a manner that it provides a vast scope of further development. Number of modules can be added without many modifications in it code for new algorithm and to compare their efficiency with respect to existing algorithms. Since, this visualization system has been designed by taking care of the needs of users, their tasks. This SWV can be used as a teaching tool for a term at the community college level. SWV will be useful in a laboratory or self-study situation after the student has been introduced to DLL protocols. SWV’s strong point is in helping to create mental images of the protocol mechanisms, and in allowing easy and painless experimentation with the supported protocols.
Keywords: Sliding window protocol, Interactive animation, visualization.

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D2686095415

IJSCE Journal — Mon, 04 Oct 2021 11:56:21 +0000

A Comparative Study: Multiplier Design using Reversible Gates logic
I. Thahirabanu¹, A. Ananthi², G. Vishnupriya³, G.Usha⁴¹I. Thahirabanu, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
India.
²A. Ananthi, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India.
³G. Vishnupriya, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India.
Manuscript received on August 14, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 27, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 103-106 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2686095415 /2015©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: In this paper we propose a new concept for multiplication by using modified booth algorithm, booth multiplier & wellece tree multiplier and reversible logic function. By combining modified booth algorithm with reversible gate logic it will produces further less delay compare to all other. Addition subtraction operation are realized using reversible DKG gate. Reversible logic circuits have theoretically zero internal power dissipation because they do not lose information, the classical set of gates such as AND, OR, and XOR are not reversible. This modified booth multiplier, modified booth multiplier & wellece tree multiplier with reversible gate logic are synthesized and simulated by using Xilinx 13.2 ISE simulator.
Keywords: Reversible logic gates, reversible logic circuit, partial products, adder, multiplier, power analysis, quantum computing, Future computing, simulation outputs.

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D2707095415

IJSCE Journal — Mon, 04 Oct 2021 11:46:40 +0000

Recapitulating the Payment Default Effects to Contractors in the Kenyan Construction Industry
Mark Obegi Kenyatta¹, Ahmad Omar Alkizim², Titus Kivaa Mbiti³¹Mark Obegi Kenyatta, Student, MSc. Construction Projec Management Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Juja, Kenya.
²Dr. Ahmad Omar Alkizim, PhD (Reading, UK), MSc. Construction Management, Project Management & Value Engineering, Juja, Kenya.
³Dr. Titus Kivaa Mbiti, PhD, RMIT, Australia, Construction Management, Project Management & Construction research, Juja, Kenya.
Manuscript received on August 15, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 28, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 95-102 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2707095415 /2015©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: Cash flow is undoubtedly the bloodline that drives enterprise in the construction industry. Any interference in its smooth flow may therefore lead to severe consequences. “Work first and get paid later”, is the motto of the construction industry. This arrangement inevitably demands the input of several parties in the form of labour, materials, plant and other trade credits as the work progresses. Further, the end product becomes part and parcel of the land, whose legal possession lies squarely with the construction client. The sweat and pain of unpaid parties in the construction pyramid are therefore left at a disadvantaged position as they chase for their claims. This paper recapitulates the effects resulting from payment default to contractors from their construction clients in Kenya. Content analyses of payment dispute cases lodged in the commercial division of the Kenyan courts as well as the standard contracts were employed. The study finds that payment default in the form of late payment of one or several certificates, underpayment or paying in installments and nonpayment have led to cash flow hardships to contractors and their lower tier parties, late completion of projects, construction disputes and even insolvency. To mitigate on these impacts, this paper proposes that the industry players consider legislating on a payment specific regime just like it has happened in other countries.
Keywords: Payment default, contractors, construction industry of Kenya.

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D2706095415

IJSCE Journal — Mon, 04 Oct 2021 04:16:36 +0000

Rule base-Disturbance Estimation Based Fault Diagnosis for Grid Connected PV System
Tivisha GoelTivisha Goel, UG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi, India.
Manuscript received on August 18, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 29, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 90-94 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2706095415 /2015©BEIESP
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite
©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: The paper contains a novel online fault diagnosis for distribution feeder with photovoltaic (PV) generation embedded. The aim of the research is to isolate and prevent system faults in Grid connected PV System. Firstly, a dynamic model of distribution feeder for fault diagnosis is built. Design of proposed fault diagnosis has two stages: firstly, an Equivalent Input Disturbance (EID) approach for the fault estimation is formulated; and Fuzzy knowledge base system is designed for analyzing the characteristics of the EID. The faults position can be located and the fault types can be identified. In this study Fault Diagnosis technique obtains fault detection, identification and halting the system. In the meantime graphical user interface (GUI) is opened when fault is detected. GUI shows the measurement value, fault time and fault type. This property gives some information about the system to the personnel. As seen from the simulation results, faults can be detected and identified as soon as fault appears. In summary, if the system has a fault diagnosis structure, system dangerous situations can be avoided.
Keywords: Fault Detection, Distribution network, PV System, Fuzzy Logic, User Interface.

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D2702095415

IJSCE Journal — Mon, 04 Oct 2021 04:12:43 +0000

Hardware Implementation of Dynamics Keystroke Applied for Cloud Computing
Basma M. Hassan¹, Khaled M. Fouad², Mahmoud F. Hassan³¹Eng. Basma M. Hassan, Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
²Dr. Khaled M.Fouad, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of
Computers and Informatics, Benha University, Benha, Egypt. ³Professor. Mahmoud F. Hassan, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Manuscript received on August 14, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 28, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 84-89 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2702095415/2015©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: Cloud computing is a growing technology which provides remote access to computing resources and user data. Due to its core philosophy of enabling the user to access his data from anywhere and at any time, cloud computing has a major issue with security and user authentication. Biometric identification is a very good candidate technology, which can facilitate a trusted user authentication with the minimum constraints on the security of the access point. However, most of the biometric identification techniques require special hardware, thus complicate the access point and make it costly. Keystroke recognition is a biometric identification technique which relies on the user behavior while typing on the keyboard. It is more secure and does not need any additional hardware to the access point. This paper presents a hardware implementation of an algorithm based on keystroke dynamics analysis synthesized, simulated and implemented on FPGA. The authentication process is based on the GP methods to test the ability of the distance measure between keystrokes and how to distinguish users through their typing dynamics keystroke.The proposed architecture achieves maximum delay 0.55 ns.
Keywords: Cloud computing, remote access, biometric identification, access point, Keystroke recognition, FPGA, VHDL.

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D2701095415

IJSCE Journal — Mon, 04 Oct 2021 04:05:50 +0000

Robust Video Watermarking Algorithm Using K-Harries Feature Point Detection
Harpreet SinghHarpreet Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Yadawindra College of Engineering, Guru Kashi Campus, Punjabi University Patiala (Punjab). India.
Manuscript received on August 15, 2015. | Revised Manuscript received on August 26, 2015. | Manuscript published on September 05, 2015. | PP: 77-83 | Volume-5 Issue-4, September 2015 . | Retrieval Number: D2701095415 /2015©BEIESP
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©The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Abstract: In this Paper, An effective, robust and imperceptible video watermarking algorithm using K–harris point detection is proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated with respect to imperceptibility, robustness and data payload. This algorithms showed similar but high level of imperceptibility, however their performance varied with respect to robustness and payload. This paper presents a content-based digital image-watermarking scheme, which is robust against a variety of common image-processing attacks and geometric distortions. The image content is represented by important feature points obtained by our image-texture-based adaptive Harris corner detector. These important feature points are geometrically signficant and therefore are capable of determining the possible geometric attacks with the aid of the Delaunay-tessellation-based triangle matching method.
Keywords: Robustness, Feature point, video watermarking, Bit error rate(BER).

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